Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, (MSO)

Presentation Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (MSO) is a well famous, brand name. At the point when the Chief Executive official is the â€Å"brand†, it tends to be hard to isolate their character from the personality of the organization they represent.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, (MSO) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The estimations of the organization are greater than those of the organizer, this is clear from the proceeded with accomplishment in fortune, particularly after its author was blamed for business acts of neglect, for example, insider exchanging. This was conversely of what expert had anticipated. It is basic for any organization to consider elective systems in improving individual and hierarchical adequacy. Outside and inside components of correspondence should include broad exploration for better arranging and execution to recognize, with basic examples of authoritative conduct and pu rchaser mentalities (Polk Wardwell, 2008). It would impact the procedure of continuing its spotlight, making a serious promoting technique and reestablishing its picture. Work Groups At MSO, cooperation inside the work bunches is underlined to improve various choices; assorted encounters and aggregate judgment .For the group to exist people need to see themselves as a component of the gathering. In this manner, Martha Steward Living Omnimedia (MSO) in repositioning itself should exploit correspondence channels including online networking to acquire client criticism and expand on them to improve its administration and item conveyance. In addition, through information got about workers should help the association in recognize zones to enhance. Rebranding, of any organization will undoubtedly come up short if organization’s workers don't bolster it.Therefore, choices made should fuse proposals from the individuals who distinguish most with the items. The viability in employeesâ €™ execution upgrades discipline, how representatives relate with one another, their spirit and ingrain inspiration. Interchanges in a work bunch serve the need of educating, yet in addition it is a significant instrument for controlling and a component of inspiration. Along these lines, for common and shared obligations among workers in the association, compelling correspondence in choices made is basic for the executives at MSO to get positive input from their subordinates and different partners. Correspondence The administration ought to give a detailed correspondence procedure to fortify execution and cause workers to feel some portion of the association, become mindful of progressing patterns and invalidate their feelings of dread about the associations future objectives. An association is a general public supplied with assorted workers of various foundations and culture. Thus, correspondence procedures are basic in passing significant association information.Advertising Lo oking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Top administration at MSO needs to recognize fitting methodologies as far as the board style, which can increment; employee’s inspiration, makes fulfillment, and improves associations conduct and execution. In settling thwarted expectation, and exclusive requirements gave on them by general society, methodologies, for example, participatory administration is fundamental in building trust, enabling and propelling a worker in performing assignments (Passikoff, 2006). Correspondence is subsequently a key factor whether composed or conveyed orally. It is the main way; an organization’s partners can communicate their desires, recommendations, and any worries or complaints they may have. In making of a one of a kind profile, appropriate correspondence info ought to rise up out of the input acquired inside and remotely. Rebranding Mas on and Meyer (2006) show that rebranding as a procedure has direct effect on how the organization is seen by outside condition. Change, as a component in forming most associations sway on all gatherings in an association and significant modifications ought not out of the ordinary. The administration at MSO in overseeing associations emergency, obstruction, and figuring significant choices will assist with moving in the ideal development bearing. Rebranding a ground-breaking brand like Martha Steward would be increasingly damaging particularly to the spirit of numerous representatives than it would be useful and cautious considerations ought to be embraced to shield workers from feeling estranged. Martha Steward legacy as to be figured during the procedure of rebranding. This is just in light of the fact that it would appear to be a push to counter negative exposure more than its endeavors to reposition or globalize the brand (Passikoff, 2006). Albeit numerous different organizations like Pepsi or Google have been effective in rebranding themselves, the rebranding of Martha Steward would be a move from a more individualized to a coordinate vibe than numerous purchasers probably won't relate to. Rather, it should focus on finding some kind of harmony in building a personality from the individual and exploiting the engaging Martha’ open picture. End Marketing systems of an association can be relied on its marking and correspondence among other significant procedures. These variables are significant in improving the organizations’ customer observation and framing solid communitarian associations with comparative contenders. These methodologies are not just significant in improving association administrations, and items, yet additionally influence an association against its rivals and upgrade employee’s morale.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, (MSO) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Mason, A. Meyer, M. (2006).Living With Martha Stewart Media: Chosen Domesticity in the Experience of Fan. Diary of correspondence, (51),pp. 801-823 Passikoff, R. (2006).Predicting Market Success: New Ways to Measure Customer Loyalty and Engage Consumers with Your Brand, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Polk, R. Wardwell, L. (2008). A Comparative Study of Insider Trading Regulation Enforcement in the U.S. furthermore, China Journal of Business Securities Law, (9), pp. 56-63 This article on Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, (MSO) was composed and put together by client Collin Collier to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Outline and critically assess Max Webers concept of the iron cage in Essay

Diagram and fundamentally evaluate Max Webers idea of the iron pen corresponding to the justification of work in the cutting edge world - Essay Example evaluate it corresponding to the defense of work in the cutting edge world, the paper offers a steady assessment of Max Weber’s thought and instructing on levelheadedness, administration and free enterprise. Weber saw administration as the regular phase of verifiable advancement and as the most productive method of administering the cutting edge world’s society. Then again, contrasting it and â€Å"the iron cage† he underlined the disadvantages of bureaucratic machine and exceptionally judicious way to deal with life, and conceded that accordingly we live in a â€Å"polar night of frigid dimness. Bureaucratic methodology being perceived as the obsolete administration style, the cutting edge society attempts to receive new techniques for work. However, work keeps remaining profoundly think. Weber’s â€Å"social action.† To comprehend Weber’s idea completely, one should go to his technique, tossing light at the method of Weber’s thinking. Weber put together his approach with respect to the class of the perfect kind, which is the enthusiasm of the age, â€Å"a utopia,† communicated in a type of hypothetical development, a plan. This perfect sort assists with understanding the regular standards of the occasions, demonstrating reason for monetary, stylish and virtues of individuals. With the assistance of understanding, a humanist ought to inspect the activities of a person, who places some sense into the entirety of his activities. An individual’s activities become social activities molded by two elements: emotional inspiration and direction towards others. This direction towards others makes an activity a social activity. Social activity can be done uniquely by people. To comprehend the social procedures occurring in an express, a family, or some other social gathering, it is important to comprehend the thought processes of activities of the different people forming the inspected social gathering. However, understanding isn't adequate for a profound knowledge into social procedures. Discerning activities should serve the instrument of humanism. Weber offers a typology of social activities dependent on

Student Group Spotlight UN Studies Working Group COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Student Group Spotlight UN Studies Working Group COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Life at SIPA is more than just a rigorous and exciting curriculum. The SIPA community is greatly enriched by the numerous student organizations on campus. We thought it would be useful to spotlight some of these organizations to give you a more holistic view of the SIPA experience. The UN Studies Program Working Group (UNSWG) is a student organization that works in close relation with the UN Studies Program at SIPA. It aims to connect students and the entire SIPA community to the United Nations, to its issues and agenda, and to the UN System as a whole. UNSWG members are dedicated to the UN’s main goals, including principles of worldwide cooperation for peace and prosperity. ?The UNSWG serves as a platform for delivery and exchange of knowledge, ideas, thoughts and reflection, debates and discussion on issues related to the United Nations and the UN system. ?The UNSWG works to foster a close relation between SIPA and the UN: to prepare conferences, seminars, discussion panels and groups; invite speakers and prepare presentations; organize student debates around relevant and current issues related to the UN. ?The UNSWG aims to maximize opportunities for SIPA students to be involved with the UN and the greater UN family through meetings with officials; visits to the UN Secretariat and UN agency headquarters; inviting speakers to SIPA; organizing internships, career panels, and support for individual initiatives related to the UN. Within the first month of the semester, the UNSWG has coordinated the following events: “How to get a job at the UN” panel with a representative from the UN’s Human Resources department UN Studies Retreat, “70 Years Later: The United Nations at a Crossroad in a Changing World”, which featured speakers from the UN Secretary-General, the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the International Peace Institute, the UN Secretary-General in Africa, and the United Nations Foundation Participation in an upcoming talk given by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on challenges for the UN in the 21st Century Check out the UNSWG’s blog for a list of past events and its general page for more information.

Ancient Roman History Optimates

The optimates were, literally, the best men in Rome. They were the traditionalist Senatorial majority of Roman Republic. Optimates were the conservative faction and were in contrast with the populares. The optimates were not concerned with the good of the common man, but rather of the elite. They wished to extend the power of the Senate. In the conflict between Marius and Sulla, Sulla represented the old established aristocracy and the optimates, while the new man Marius represented the populares. Since Marius married into the house of Julius Caesar, Caesar had family reasons for supporting the populares. Pompey and Cato were among the optimates. Populares In contrast to the optimates in the Roman Republic was the populares. The populares were Roman political leaders who were on the side of the people as is indicated by their name. They were opposed to the optimates who were concerned with the best men -- the meaning of optimates. The populares were not always so much interested in the common man as their own careers. The populares used the assemblies of the people rather than the aristocratic senate to further their agendas. When motivated by noble principles they could help provisions that benefitted the common man, like extending citizenship. Julius Caesar was a famous leader aligned with the populares. Ancient Roman Social Structure In Ancient Roman culture, Romans could be either patrons or clients. At the time, this social stratification proved mutually beneficial. The number of clients and sometimes the status of clients conferred prestige on the patron. The client owed his vote to the patron. The patron protected the client and his family, gave legal advice, and helped the clients financially or in other ways. A patron could have a patron of his own; therefore, a client, could have his own clients, but when two high-status Romans had a relationship of mutual benefit, they were likely to choose the label  amicus (friend) to describe the relationship since amicus did not imply stratification. When slaves were manumitted, the liberti (freedmen) automatically became clients of their former owners and were obligated to work for them in some capacity. There was also patronage in the arts where a patron provided the wherewithal to allow the artist to create in comfort. The work of art or book would be dedicated to the patron. Client King This title was typically used by non-Roman rulers who enjoyed Roman patronage but were not treated as equals. Romans called such rulers rex sociusque et amicus king, ally, and friend when the Senate formally recognized them. Braund emphasizes that there is little authority for the actual term client king. Client kings did not have to pay taxes, but they were expected to provide military manpower. The client kings expected Rome to help them defend their territories. Sometimes client kings bequeathed their territory to Rome.

Converting Kilograms to Grams Unit Conversion Example

Climate Change And Economic Policy Free Essays

string(208) " affected by the hypothesised changes to temperature for standards of living, but the changes may affect agricultural output and goods demanded by countries importing \(supporting\) clean production methods\." Climate change is defined as â€Å"Change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods†(Bruno and Mehmet 2010). Modern methods of production create greenhouse gasses as a negative externality via the market failure and government intervention is needed to rectify the situation. Climate change is an issue for the Australian government as it needs to intervene to correct the market failure caused by the free markets inability to provide property rights to mitigate damages caused by the negative externality. We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change And Economic Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Calhoun 2010) The greenhouse gas externality is a by-product of the production of goods and services via the over-production of emissions. Dr Peter John Wood argues that† climate change is an indisputable threat† and on that basis, as well as the world stage Australia has taken the reins in acting upon climate change. An externality is defined as† are the unintended consequence of one economic agent’s economic activity that affect another agent’s economic activity, but which are not adequately priced through the market (Sonia and Jeff 2011)†. This is also known as market failure and requires government intervention to be able to rectify the problem due to a lack of property rights and correct mitigation for parties involved with the transaction. In this case, one form of the market failure is because the cost of CO2 is not factored into the transaction price. The Gillard government continued a legacy that was started with the Howard government back in 2007 that saw a Carbon Emissions Trading scheme take part in the Australian government to tackle Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions (Chris 2011). The Carbon tax was implemented on June 1st 2012 and has been controversial amongst politicians and economists alike according to Clive’s article â€Å"Australia’s Carbon Tax: A Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing†. The steps taken to implement a policy should be understood first before critiquing from different viewpoints. The four major points of policymaking are: 1. Specify the goals of policy 2. Identify the targets 3. Specify the policy instruments 4. Model the economy linking the instruments to the targets Using this framework, the goal’s of the policy are to mitigate damages caused by the production of greenhouse gasses on the (global) environment on a national scale and decrease the amount of pollution via increasing the price of polluting. The targets of the policy are the agents involved (Firms producing pollution, environment and households) with the transactions. Firms are the largest creators of the pollution and the households are directly affected by price increases, therefore their welfare post-tax needs to be considered in a socially acceptable policy. The policy instruments include subsidies to the households most affected by the increases in prices of amenities as well as the Pigovian Tax on polluting (Energy 2012). Lastly, the model that directly links the economy to the instruments proposed can be shown below. Tax brings the externality into equilibrium with the social cost. The amount of gain to the social benefit is the darker area and is also the taxation revenue collected on behalf of the government. This also decreases output by the difference in Original output-New output. This can also be shown on a Supply and Demand graph. The graph to the right illustrates the effectiveness of the tax on the existing market price and therefore reducing the quantity of pollution emitted. This tax is directly placed on the top 500 polluting firms in Australia which account for the majority of the pollution via production. The Department for Climate Change and Efficient Energy published their â€Å"Forth Assessment Report† outlining that â€Å"There is clear evidence that our climate is changing, largely due to human activities†. One can infer that the government is acting morally and taking partial responsibility for these human activities, hence action for change and mitigation. Market failure is defined as the inability of the market being able to deliver an efficient level of goods and or services (Calhoun 2010). This is an important aspect when determining what aspects of a policy are vital in addressing the issue at hand, because the situation of pollution is a non-Pareto optimal situation due to the negative externalities created in the transaction between agents. The government’s intervention due to the market failing is justified by its role in the G8, Kyoto Protocol and its response to the public on the matter (â€Å"Australia to have leading role in carbon mitigation† 2007). Another reason is that property rights are not defined clearly with the environment, therefore the government intervention to make the Marginal Social Cost equal the Marginal Social Cost via a Pigovian tax, decreasing the amount of negative externality produced (greenhouse gasses).(Bruno and Mehmet 2010) Macro-economically speaking, this issue impacts both Australia’s macroeconomic goal of efficient resource allocation and sustainable economic growth. Due to high public opinion on green alternatives and clean production, changes in consumer preferences will mean that some goods and services provided using traditional fossil fuels or unsustainable methods may be boy-cotted or fall second preference to ‘green goods’(Kathleen 2012) The Efficient resource allocation goal of Australia addresses â€Å"†¦where resources are allocated in the most efficient manner†(Weng 2008). The environment is a common resource and traditionally has not been defined to any specific owner. Firms may utilise the environment (clean air, sunshine and or clean water) as a factor of production, examples may include Personal Trainers or tour guides. With a market failure existing, it renders the goal incomplete as there is an excess of pollution and undersupply of environment as it is a rival good. Either the polluters must reduce their output of pollution or they must mitigate the affected agents. This causes a problem in the regard, whom is affected by the pollution and by how much does the affected agents need to be mitigated for. Sustainable economic growth in the long term is impacted by climate change. Not only will Australia be affected by the hypothesised changes to temperature for standards of living, but the changes may affect agricultural output and goods demanded by countries importing (supporting) clean production methods. You read "Climate Change And Economic Policy" in category "Papers" Australia, by implementing policy change enables the economy to be in a better position to respond to act with funds allocated via the policy impact (â€Å"Australia: Australia Prepares for Carbon Tax† 2012). Comparing the current Carbon Tax (Clean Energy Bill) to alternatives that have been proposed such as Carbon Trading Schemes and Subsidies for Clean Investment have both advantages and disadvantages (Calhoun 2010). Australia’s Carbon Tax initially is a fixed price of $23 per Metric Tonne of Carbon Dioxide emitted from the top 500 polluting companies in Australia(Harris 2012). This in its simplicity is a Pigovian Tax, which is used to deter consumption/production of a good or service that causes the negative externality. Simultaneously the Indirect tax signals the taxed firms that they should spend investment capital on ways to lower their output of CO2 emissions (Carrie 2011). Pigovian taxes are designed to increase the price of the good that causes the negative externality by the amount that best reflects the cost to society in the production of the good which will internalise the effects of the externality (Carrie 2011). Examples of these in Australian society include the Alco-Pop tax and tobacco tax. In the case of the Carbon Tax, the good being taxed is pollution and the parties being mitigated are the Australian government on behalf of the environment in which it is representing, in effect the environment is gaining property rights in this explanation. The Pigovian tax, when applied will cause a reduction in the level of pollution due to the cost added. This will vary from firm to firm due to the elasticity of the cost to pollute. It is safe to assume that all firms are elastic with pollution expenses; therefore the economics of the tax are sound. Pigovian taxes have been praised for their simplistic approach to combating both losses of competitiveness due to inefficient methods of production and on goods themselves which are non-essential for consumption when viable substitutes are available according to Harris’s economic survey in 2012. Examples include using solar power on mine sites instead of Gas or Coal power. Pigovian Taxes however are not ideal in the case of Carbon Leakage, whereby firms choose to produce their goods offshore in countries that are not yet or not participating in Carbon Reduction. It reduces Australia’s carbon footprint, however the loss of production in Australia mean relative to before the tax, there is a reduction in output. (Dellaware 2011). By contrasting these to alternative methods to combat climate change such as an Emissions Trading Scheme (Cap and Trade) or the Carbon Offset system. All theoretically are able to reduce the level of the negative externality, however they all have different dynamics to each other and need to be applied using the framework aforementioned in the essay. The Cap and Trade system allows for the Coasian Bargaining of the right to emit greenhouse gasses as part of production of a firm. These permits would be of a set supply, and would limit firms to a ‘cap’ of pollution. These would be traded in the open market meaning that the market subject to demand and elasticity by a firm, determines the price of the permit. This would encourage firms to innovate and reduce the number of permits needed to produce, or be more efficient with the given quota of pollution per year.(Kathleen 2012) Advantages of the Cap and Trade system mean that the total level of greenhouse gases are controlled, IE a set amount per year meaning that it is easier to attain goals from the Kyoto Protocol. International trading markets are also proposed and feasible meaning that there is greater competition for permits which leads to more efficiency domestically. Firms that are unable to compete or innovate into cleaner greener methods are either absorbed by larger more efficient and environmentally viable companies or liquidate, meaning less pollution output. Another advantage is that there is little regulation and or further government attention required to maintain the Cap and Trade system. Because the market forces determine prices between firms, the need for a middle man is removed. Comparing this to a Carbon Tax, where constant auditing, monitoring and enforcement is both time consuming and expensive from a tax payers perspective. Comparing the two graphically below show the changes in price and quantity in the strict control of either supply of increase of price. The Carbon tax is indirect, it controls the price movements, which affect the quantity, and the Cap and Trade system controls the supply, which then determines the price. The biggest disadvantage to not controlling the price of pollution as oppose to the quantity is that it does not promote efficient investment on clean alternatives to production and instead causes prices to rise of the permits, allowing larger companies to purchase the right to continue polluting and drive out smaller less profitable companies, provided they can’t sustain operation by selling excess permits to excessive polluters. Graphically, they yield the same result however; Clive argues that the amount of red tape needed to maintain the Cap and Trade System is not viable. Introducing the Carbon Offset scheme, means that carbon offsets are purchased which in turn mitigates the marginal private cost of the firm to equilibrium level. Firms can only pollute according to their offset amount and has been successful in Europe with 5.5 Billion dollars of offsets traded according to Bruno and Mehmet’s paper on Governance and the Carbon impact. Advantages exist in the offset scheme whereby it guarantee’s firms to take positive action/investment due to money spent on offsets directly in the form of buying credits from firms specific for reducing pollution and or investment on re-forestation and cleaner methods of production. Other arguments exist stating that having a Cap of pollution will force in-efficient firms to find the lowest cost method to reduce their pollution. Again, like any alternative to the Carbon Tax, much more bureaucratic procedures, monitoring costs and governing bodies are required to manage such a proposal (Oh 2007). 1. Similarities exist between the two policy options in that both require a base measured level of pollution to which caps and prices can be compared 1. Both systems will generate revenue via the increase of the Marginal Private cost which can be distributed via the governing body. 1. Both systems will require a governing body to standardise and monitor activities to be equitable (International-Emissions-Trading-Association 2011) Using this information, the policies will affect different groups of individuals differently. The Carbon Tax will have some impact on households, but greater on the top 500 firms. Understanding how it will affect each party will enable a better understanding of the Pareto Efficiency concept. Households under the Carbon Tax will be charged more for amenities and certain activities such as air travel. Using the graph below it is clear that electricity is the largest producer of greenhouse gases and will have the largest impact via the tax. increase of costs of using electricity, any household that earns less than 80,000 dollars a year will benefit from subsidies and household assistance packages from the Liberal Government (Energy 2012).Households will also gain in subsidies and other cleaner initiatives from the government via the revenue collected from the tax which will increase their standard of living, proposed by the new energy reforms(Energy 2012). Linking back to Figure 1, the gains in Social Benefit are the largest gains that the households have, which economically speaking should be a new Pareto optimum specific to householders. Firms on the other hand, if subjected to the tax will have an increase in costs relative to the $23 per metric tonne of CO2 emitted. There is also the added cost of administration fees and loss of investment due to higher costs. Other costs that may be included are changes in capital. Pigovian taxes are aimed to have a distortion effect, decreasing the amount of CO2 emitted, changing what firms use to produce and furthermore where future capital investment may be directed (Bruno and Mehmet 2010). Firms from the impact of a Cap and Trade system will be partaking in Coasian Bargaining. This system has been used in the European Union and has shown dramatic decreases in the levels of CO2 by firms (International-Emissions-Trading-Association 2011). Due to the nature of the market, firms will bid and enter a price war against each other that will drive firms to have the lowest operating cost to save on purchasing permits. Firms that do not use the entire permit’s quota are able to bid off their remaining excess to firms whom can afford to pollute, or can’t afford to innovate into cleaner methods of production. Production, if the firm is pollutant dependant will be affected due to a rise in fixed and variable costs and may decrease output (Gilbert 2007). If the firm is not heavily reliant on pollution, it will see increases in its profits due to the revenue gained from trading the permits. The Cap and Trade system promotes production efficiency according to Gilbert Metcalfe’s proposal for a US Cap Swap in those methods that reduce CO2 output cost less via the tariffs placed. The Cap and Trade system from a household’s perspective will be similar to that of the carbon tax, however a time lag may be present due to firms having a time period in which they can allocate their pollution as opposed to an indirect tax. Each policy suggestion from an economic perspective has its own merits and weaknesses and need to be considered when creating a policy that affects both households and firms. The policy must be fair, equitable and efficient to all parties involved. By comparing the implemented Carbon Tax with the feasible alternative, the Cap and Trade system, the different viewpoints of firms and households are understood. How to cite Climate Change And Economic Policy, Papers

Technology Changed Businesses Are Conductedâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Technology Changed Businesses Are Conducted? Answer: Introducation Organisations long in business will have to understand that globalisation and information technology has changed the ways businesses are conducted including the mode of maintaining the accounts as well. B Bakery as is understood has been into the business of bakery for almost half a century and seen various ups and down. Subsequently the recent years have been some of the most flourishing years due to the introduction of newer products which are healthy as well as tasty. Unfortunately, B Bakery had to face the loss of some of the main account holders as they failed to provide some of its most wanted products at rates which equivalent to the one was offered by its competition. B Bakery continued to follow the age old method of accounting for its costs of products which failed to tell the firm about the places where the cost incurred is most and where they can cut down costs. Also due to lack of proper expertise as well and the absence of adequate business processes and ERP packages in stalled, the firm was unable to supply the goods at competitive rates as they were unable to find out how much profits can be sacrificed or reduced because of absence of a handy financial data. The firm lacked availability of instant and analytical information which would help them to take instant decision so as to retain the client. The said essay defines what the business of bakery desires of and how the ERP should be selected keeping in mind the purpose it is expected to serve for the firm. It also discusses about the fact that simply software selection is not the end, vendor selection is of utmost importance as well. What Is The Business Process Of A Bakery Well before the business process of a bakery is understood it is very crucial to understand as to what does a baker do. Basically a baker is a chef who specialises in baking pastries and breads of various kinds. He ensures to be the one who is involved in the procurement of raw materials, to baking the pastries and finally giving it a finishing touch by various kinds of icing which makes the cake look good. He also ensures to procure goods from the best of the places wherein the quality is not compromised and the price paid is the least as well. For every business to run well, it is undoubtedly required to check upon the business processes being undertaken by the company and so is applicable for the business of B Bakery too. It is a business process which helps in achieving the goals of any organization and if the same is not well defined then the business may have to suffer in the long run. In todays time of globalisation and increasing competition as well within a small business entity also, business process management (BPM) plays a crucial role as it helps to improvise various processes such as accounting, cost analysis etc (Rouse, 2016). There are various categories of a business process and each category has a separate role to play in the success of the organization. First and foremost is the operational process and B bakerys operational process is to make the best quality bakery products and to improvise upon the existing range of products being offered as per the changing tastes of its customers (Borysowich, 2008). Wi th regards the said process, B Bakery has successfully launched a range of product which is healthier and tastier as well, thus trying to deal with the operational process. The second one is the supporting processes which does not provide services or goods to the customers directly, but indirectly are a crucial part of the entity. They help to support, as the name says, to the main operations of the concern such as in the case of B Bakery, its main operational process is being backed up by accounting, workplace safety. The third one is the management process which help to determine, check upon and organize processes which are linked to the business procedures and systems, such as budgeting, strategic planning and adequate and proper communication within the organization (Veyrat, 2016). However in the case of B Bakery, though the support process was very much evident but the kind of support being provided was not as per the trend. The entity continued to follow the age old method of manual book keeping which gave results of the performance at the end of the year and there was no clue in the middle of the year as to where the costs could be controlled etc. Further to this, the management process also lacked because B bakery could not manage the activities as per the trend prevalent due to which the method of costing adopted was an old one which did not give him fruitful results. Lack of handy details was the main lack in the business process (Gratch, 2017). B Bakery although had updated its operational process but failed to understand that the support and the management processes are equally important and hence needs to be updated too. Hence it can be rightly said that all these business processes are interlinked. Thus if there is an issue with the supply production, then it will automatically have an adverse impact on the sales and in the same fashion, if the business loses some of its customers then also its sales will decline (Considine et.al. 2005). Business Requirements Of B Bakery All the business processes discussed above are crucial and integral. But the main processes can be summarised into four different categories i.e. supply chain management, human resources, production and accounts. Amongst these four, accounts is of utmost importance specially from a business mans viewpoint since it acts as a fuel for the success of the entire business process. B Bakery has been able to made tremendous profits and grow its business in the past few years but present scenario shows that it is facing some issues as it is losing its accounts. Even though the firm has appointed a specific accounting team who is accountable for the book keeping and the other reporting part of the accounts of the business, but the said accounting method fails to provide details about certain decision making actions. Because of the same the company failed to retain some of its key accounts as it could not provide them products at rates which were competitive with their competition. Finally it has realised that he company needs to improvise upon its present accounting method so as to be able to get certain data which would help them to take analytical decisions. Thus the data required for taking such a decision will come only via proper and in depth business process as well as market research. Basis these data, B Bakery will be able to take crucial and important decisions which would help it to regain back the lost customers and gain success again. The business desires to install an accounting information system within its business and hence they are looking for investing in some of the available accounting software for the accomplishment of the said purpose. The key requirements for B Bakery presently is to improvise their present accounting methods, integration of the business processes and the accounting systems so that more sound decisions can be taken, putting in money in some of the accounting software packages which are available and tailoring it as per the business process and execution of an ERP and AIS for their business. ERP will support in integration of the business process and will help to provide a stronger base for the AIS (Bragg, 2017). The bakery business demands for many major details from its various core business processes which would in turn help them to gain better performance of their business in the market. The business process cannot work well until and unless adequate information which would help in taking decisions are collected. Not only transactional data but also operational information is a must for processing and decision making. Hence the account process can provide adequate data only if it gathers and collects the same from the other business processes. Information related to payables, receivables, inventory, the margins that it is presently earning and what it can sacrifice, cost of production, etc are a must for a sound business decision. These data are a must for setting the price of its products at competitive rates. For the acquisition of the said data from the business processes, it would need assimilation of all the business processes and the systems which are needed for the conduct of these processes. The better the assimilation, the better the business process and which would at the end yield better results financially. The AIS which is being installed over the ERP will help to give a structure to the entire firm and will in turn help it to gather, process, supervise, accumulate and recover financial data by the various analysts , managers, accountants, auditors and such others who need the information for the purpose of business decision making (Hall, 2016). Apart from the same, ERP will help to assimilate the jobs and procedures of the business of B Bakery. The assimilation of both of them i.e. AIS and ERP will ultimately ensure that the data being presented more useful from the normal business data. Simply putting, AIS will give business estimating data by investigating past data. Determine The System Requirements A huge number of resources are at the dispense of the small business houses who are trying to achieve growth in their operational processes. These resources comprises of the various tactics that the companies should undertake, which areas calls for improvisation, how can they control on those things which they already possess etc. B Bakery is a firm which is lacking only technological expertise and not expertise in the field of baking. It needs to make an investment in an appropriate accounting information software (AIS) so that it is being able to beat the competition successful. The firm has a brand name, goodwill, talent but lacks accounting of its talent due to which it is failing into becoming a cost efficient company. Thus while investing into IT, the bakery firm should take into account some of the software features which would help it achieve its goal of price competitiveness. It is not possible to gain grow and beat the competition, until and unless the age old methods are left behind. It has to ensure to chose an IT software which serves its various software purposes. B Bakery is aware that its biggest drawback lies in the field of accountancy, costing and analytical methodology thereby it needs execution of ERP as well as AIS within its business process. The accountant it has employed is a person with a conservative mindset. Thereby the software being selected should be such which would act as a ready reckoner for the owner to decide upon price cuts of certain products. Bakery firms business structures are generally very small to medium sized in nature and hence there software requirements would be one that offers a centralised system of recording transactions. The main thrust is on those features which are a must for the firm and without which the entire purpose of installing a software is a waste. Thus one of the main feature that the software should offer to a B Bakery is cost accounting. The ERP software will assimilate all the business procedures and hence there would exist a shared and centralised data center which would all the business procedures across the firm. This centralisation will ensure that adequate data is also available for the AIS process as well. This would ensure a more accurate processing. The AIS helps the business process in conducting three essential functions: It helps to process the information in a more effective and efficient manner. The same is possible as it collects information from the various transactions being undertaken by the company. For performing the said function, the AIS will have to gather all those transactions, their sources, documentations etc. Wherein these dealings will be written into the journals. A journal is a book keeping process which records all the transactions in a sequential order and from there these transactions are posted to various ledgers wherein further sorting is done basis various accounts. The AIS software gives support to the management in taking sound decisions by collecting and deriving data from these databases and analysing the same (Zheng, 2015). Thus apart from the financial statements, the managerial reports are also needed by the management which would help them to take various strategic decisions and not wait for the year to end to get hold of the financial status. The firms internal control will strengthen with the installation of an AIS since the software has the potential to produce very reliable and dependent data. This will ensure that the business processes are efficient and in line with the main objectives of the management (Koronapos.com., 2017). Software Selection B Bakery falls under the category of medium of large sized company because it has seventy employees and the revenue it generates surpassed $13.5 million in the previous year. Thus the kind of software it would require is one which would help in providing better detailed information which would help it to take quick decisions and ensure competition is kept away. Basis the present industrial condition, three kinds of accounting information system software for such kind of a business is best suited. They are as under: Entry level Solutions: This type of solution is best suited for a small firm where the number of members does not exceed five. The software for this category has the capability of delivering basic financial accounting functionalities, review and reporting as well. AIS such as Quickbooks, SAGE 50 US Edition, XERO, Freshbooks and Wave etc. which is best suited for such a kind of organizations. Small to Medium Scale Business Solutions: This class of AIS software is best fitted for the small and medium scale businesses wherein the users would not exceed hundred. The software which falls under this category cater to various other functions as well as compared to the previous one. The software which falls under this category basically supports a high demanding transactional data support which helps in the reporting purpose. The software is highly scalable and the connected record will be vigorous. Example of this category software are SAGE 100 ERP, Exact Max, Quickbook Enterprise, CYMA, SAP By Design etc. Enterprise accounting Software: This category of AIS is best suited for larger organizations where the number of users is more than hundred and also helps to cater to businesses which are spread across the globe. The features they possess are vigorous and the functions are extended (Bolenta, 2011). Example of such a kind of software are SAP, Oracle etc. Basis the above descriptions, it is clear that B Bakery should consider installation of accounting solutions which fall under the second category i.e. small to medium business solutions (Diana, 2015). Vendor Selection The small and medium business solutions vendors, the most reputed ones are SAGE 100 ERP, Microsoft Dynamics and SAP by Design. Amongst these three, two accounting packages being chosen for comparing are SAGE 100 ERP and SAP By Design. Sage 100 Erp SAGE 100 ERP offers a number of deviations of the AIS software for these kind of enterprises. These are SAGE 100 Advanced ERP, SAGE 100 Standard ERP etc. This software has the capacity to support around half a century of users at the same time and that too for a varied range of accounting activities to be performed, economic activities, business intelligence, human resource, manufacturing, marketing and distribution and various CRM services. The solutions it provides can be tailored according to the requirements offered by these business procedures. The software is flexible enough to suit to the changing business needs as if the same is not then it becomes difficult for the medium enterprise to install new systems every now and then. Also the same is stable enough (Lobby, 2017). It demands for Microsoft Windows environment and Microsoft SQL as well which would help in managing the backend. The same can be implemented and installed basis the platform used by the client. For the usage of the said software, wizard base support is available which ensures flawless assimilation within the modules of the software. The said software is less complicated thereby makes it easy for a novice also to understand its usage module. The return on investment will be maximum in this kind of a software due to the vigorous features it has to offer and the reports derived from it is very easily comprehendible. The users can easily add and delete the various user defined fields, rules of the business which helps to perform some specific tasks (Accounting Software World 2015). SAP Business by Design It is a generalised accounting software package for business such as the size of B Bakery. Basically it helps to serve those small and medium enterprises which are searching for SaaS based cloud accounting solutions (Tur, 2013). It provides a huge array of professional services in conjunction with assimilated procedures for financing, CRM etc. this software has many advantages to offer such as the software is easily scalable i.e. new users can easily be added and the number of transactions can be increased to a great extent (Bearingpoint.com 2013). It supports those types of organizations as well who have their business spread across various places thereby also supports multi-currency transactions also (Sommer, 2017). The resources across the firm is better controlled. Further to this, since it uses cloud based software, therefore no specific hardware installation and development is needed (Kulkarni, 2015). Last but not the least is that such a kind of accounting software offers disa ster recovery system as well and better security of data (Rahaman, 2012). The SaaS is very effective as it entails to provide such services which are needed by bigger organizations as well hence very useful if the SMB wants to expand its business (McCabe, 2010). Recommendations B Bakery is required to put in its money for the installation of a good AIS system as due tot he lack of the same, the firm is unable to provide its products at competitive rates. The said software would ensure connection of the various processes of the firm which would enable analysis of the transactional information and the operational data as well thereby ensuring the firm to take decisions which would be best for B Bakery. It is suggested to install SAGE 100 ERP accounting software, as it has various benefits to offer to B Bakery. The benefits it offers to B Bakery are as under: A well connected, linked and assimilated network which would ensure all the business processes are put together via the software. Vendors, customers and the internal staff as well can easily unite to the one single system being installed via BYOD devices using mobiles and web interface managing CRM, HR, sales, purchases etc. This is a flawless method where the chances of a mistake is very less (Galani et.al. 2010). Till date B Bakery had only raw data at its disposal due to which it was unable to take sound decisions. But the said system would ensure conversion of the raw data into a more meaningful form which would add benefits to the now business process already in vogue. The business intelligence functions can be accessed with the help of specialised and tailor-made dashboards and in turn help to find out the potential customers, vendors and what the people want from them. Thus the said accounting software will ensure creation of a strategy which would beat the competition(Peden, 2017). SAGE 100 ERP offers an integrated CRM model which functions as a chaser with respect to sales, hence improvising upon the firmness, usability, preservation, incorporating, reporting etc. The users can easily interchange the facts base they possess with each other with the help of the said unit. Customer relationship is a must and without the same it becomes very difficult to retain them, hence the said module being a part of SAGE 100 ERP will be of great help to B Bakery (Sage Software Solutions., 2015). SAGE 100 ERP offers a mobile sales module which may be required by B Bakery as the growing trends demands the same. It helps in faster processing of orders and payments as well which can further be fed into the main system irrespective of the time (Grabski et.al. 2002). The company will easily be able to know what is its ROI since data is readily available in processed form. This would in turn ensure that B bakery takes quick decisions regarding its pricing without wasting much of its time(goism.com. 2016). Conclusion Thereby it is understood that for B Bakery to regain back its lost clientele, all it needs is to install an accounting software which would serve not only the present needs but also cover the future generation requirements as well. Investing in an accounting software calls for a huge capital expenditure hence the same should be done keeping in mind the future requirements as well. The overall business processes needs to be integrated, taken on board, simplified and scalable. References Accounting Software World., (2015), SAGE 100 ERP, Available at https://www.accountingsoftwareworld.com/software-reviews/sage-100-erp (Accessed 15th September 2017) com., (2013), Enabling your business for growth with Sap Business ByDesign, Available at https://www.bearingpoint.com/files/BearingPoint_SAP_Business_ByDesign_Brochure_Online_02102013.pdfdownload=0itemId=427510 (Accessed 15th September 2017) Borysowich,C., (2008), Identifying Major Business Processes, Available at https://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/identifying-major-business-processes-22964 (Accessed 15th September 2017) Bolenta, A.S., (2011), Model to Support Enterprise Resource Planning System Selection, Available at https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110context=amcis2011_submissions (Accessed 15th September 2017) Bragg,S., (2017), Accounting Information System, Available at https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/7/accounting-information-system (Accessed 15th September 2017) Considine,B., Razeed,A., Lee,M., Collier, P., (2005), Accounting Information System: Understanding Business Processes, John Wiley, 3, no. 1, pp. 89-90, Available at https://www.cmawebline.org/images/stories/JAMAR%202005%20Summer/jamar-v3-2-bookreviews.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Diana, A., (2015), Advice in Choosing the Best Enterprise Resource Planning Software, Available at https://www.erpsearch.com/erp-selection-advice.php (Accessed 15th September 2017) Galani, D., Gravas, E., Stavropoulos,A., (2010), The Impact of ERP Systems on Accounting Processes, International Journal of Social, Behavioural, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering , 4, no.6, pp. 774-779, Available at https://waset.org/publications/14239/the-impact-of-erp-systems-on-accounting-processes (Accessed 15th September 2017) com., (2016), Improved Productivity Stronger Communications, Available at https://goism.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Sage-CRM-with-Sage-100-ERP.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Gratch,O., (2017), To ERP or Not to ERP : Should SMBs Invest In Enterprise Resource Planning? Available at https://www.business.com/articles/erp-what-it-means-for-you-and-your-small-business/ (Accessed 15th September 2017) Grabski, S.V., Leech, S.A., Lu,B., (2002), Risks and Controls in the Implementation of ERP system, The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 1, no.1, pp. 47-68, Available at https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.630.7401rep=rep1type=pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Hall, J.A., (2016), Accounting Information System, 9th Ed, Cengage Learning:USA com., (2017), What small retail needs to learn in order to grow sales, Available at https://koronapos.com/what-small-retail-needs-to-learn-in-order-to-grow-sales/ (Accessed 15th September 2017) Kulkarni,D.A., (2015), SAP Business One- The Right Solution for Small and Medium Enterprises, Available at https://praxisinfosolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/sap-business-one.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Lobby,J., (2017), Sage 100 Review: The Right choice for a growing SME looking to consolidate software packages, Available at https://www.trustradius.com/products/sage-100-erp/reviews (Accessed 15th September 2017) McCabe,L., (2010), SAP Aims for SME, Available at https://www.smb-gr.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/pdfs/SAP_Aims_for_SME.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Peden,C., (2017), What Small Biz Owners need to know about accounting Information Systems, Available at https://www.godaddy.com/garage/smallbusiness/manage/small-business-owners-need-know-accounting-information-systems/ (Accessed 15th September 2017) Rahaman, M.A., (2012), How Secure is SAP Business ByDesign for your business? Available at https://www.globalreact.com/How%20Secure%20is%20SAP%20Business%20ByDesign%20for%20Your%20Business.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Rouse,M., (2016), Business Process, Available at https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process (Accessed 15th September 2017) Sage Software Solutions., (2015), Benefits of ERP: Top 5 reasons for Startup and SMBs to select ERP, Available at https://www.sagesoftware.co.in/blogs/5-benefits-of-erp-to-startup-and-smb/ (accessed 15th September 2017) Sommer,B., (2017), And Finally, SAP Business By Design is relevant to SME, Available at https://diginomica.com/2017/01/17/finally-sap-business-bydesign-relevant/ (Accessed 15th September 2017) Tur,T., (2013), SAP Business ByDesign, Available at https://www.sapevent.ch/landingpagesfr/manager/uploads/cmt/events/1/enrolments/41/agentil_final.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017) Veyrat,P., (2016), The Definitions of the 3 Types of Business Processes, Available at https://www.heflo.com/blog/bpm/business-processes-definition/ (Accessed 15th September 2017) Zheng,H., (2015), Research of Enterprise Accounting Information System Internal Control Based on ERP, Available at file:///C:/Users/E-ZONE/Downloads/C4120.pdf (Accessed 15th September 2017)

What Factors Contribute to Job Satisfaction Essay Example

What Factors Contribute to Job Satisfaction? Essay Topic: As most people spend a major part of their adult life at word, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? Since work constitutes an important part in people’s life, job satisfaction will, to a great extent, affects the degree of individual sense of happiness. To the best of my knowledge, three major factors may be contributive to job satisfaction, including salary, working environment and company culture, and promotion possibilities. The most obvious one is the salary, which guarantees our standard of material life and is the direct indicator of our own value. In other words, salary is the foundation of job satisfaction for the majority. Another important factor is the working environment and the company culture. The soft power of the company begins to emerge as an increasingly essential element of employees’ job satisfaction. A positive working environment and company culture may help individuals adapt themselves to the job in the shortest time and generate a sense of belonging. Apart from that, an individual be willing work in a company with loyalty provided that the company will offer abundant promotion possibilities. By contrast, the company can keep few employees with potentials provided that their prospect is not promising enough. We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Contribute to Job Satisfaction? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Contribute to Job Satisfaction? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Contribute to Job Satisfaction? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As for the job satisfaction for all workers, personally, I find it a lovely dream that remains to be realized. People tend to vary among themselves in terms of the standard and requirements of the concept of job satisfaction. However, to certain extent, it can be enhanced with appropriate measures. In sum, I hold the view that not everyone can achieve the job satisfaction. Whereas, the employment of the three above-mentioned factors in a sensible way will improve the situation.

How Sarin Nerve Gas Works (And What to Do If Exposed)

How Sarin Nerve Gas Works (And What to Do If Exposed) Sarin is an organophosphate nerve agent. It most commonly is considered a nerve gas, but it mixes with water, so ingestion of contaminated food/water or liquid skin contact also are possible. Exposure to even a small amount of Sarin may be fatal, yet treatments are available that may prevent permanent neurological damage and death. Heres a look at how it works and how exposure to Sarin is treated. Key Takeaways: Sarin Sarin is an organophosphate nerve gas- a type of chemical weapon.The gas dissolves in water, so Sarin can be delivered in food or liquids as well as air.Sarin works like a pesticide. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing muscle relaxation.Although Sarin can be deadly, mild exposure can be survivable. If exposed, get away from the nerve agent, remove all exposed clothing and clean skin with soap and water. Seek emergency medical attention. What Is Sarin? Sarin is a man-made chemical with the formula [(CH3)2CHO]CH3P(O)F. It was developed in 1938 by German researchers at IG Farben for use as a pesticide. Sarin gets its name from its discoverers: Schrader, Ambros, Rà ¼diger, and Van der Linde. Pure Sarin is colorless, odorless, and has no flavor. It is heavier than air, so Sarin vapor sinks into low-lying areas or toward the bottom of a room. The chemical evaporates in air and mixes readily with water. Clothing absorbs Sarin and its mixtures, which can spread exposure if contaminated clothing is not contained. Its important to understand you can survive a low concentration of Sarin exposure as long as you dont panic and do seek medical attention. If you survive initial exposure, you may have several minutes to several hours to reverse the effects. At the same time, dont assume you are in the clear just because you survived initial exposure. Because effects may be delayed, its important to get medical attention. How Sarin Works Sarin is a nerve agent, which means it interferes with the normal signaling between nerve cells. It acts in much the same way as organophosphate insecticides, block nerve endings from allowing muscles to stop contracting. Death may occur when the muscles controlling breathing become ineffective, causing asphyxiation. Sarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Ordinarily, this protein degrades acetylcholine released at the synaptic cleft. The acetylcholine activates nerve fibers that cause muscles to contract. If the neurotransmitter is not removed, the muscles dont relax. Sarin forms a covalent bond with the serine residue at the active site on the cholinesterase molecule, making it unable to bind to acetylcholine. Symptoms of Sarin Exposure Symptoms depend on the route and intensity of exposure. The lethal dose is incrementally higher than the dose producing minor symptoms. For example, inhaling an extremely low concentration of Sarin may produce a runny nose, yet a very slightly higher dose may cause incapacitation and death. The onset of symptoms depends on dose, usually within minutes to hours after exposure. Symptoms include: Dilated pupilsHeadacheSense of pressureSalivationRunny nose or congestionNauseaVomitingTightness in chestAnxietyMental confusionNightmaresWeaknessTremors or twitchesInvoluntary defecation or urinationAbdominal crampsDiarrhea If an antidote is not given, symptoms may proceed to convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Treating Sarin Victims Although Sarin can kill and cause permanent damage, individuals who suffer mild exposure usually recover completely if given immediate treatment. The first and most important action is removing Sarin from the body. Antidotes to Sarin include atropine, Biperiden, and pralidoxime. Treatment is most effective if given immediately, but still helps if some times passes (minutes to hours) between exposure and treatment. Once the chemical agent is neutralized, supportive medical care is helpful. What to Do If You Are Exposed To Sarin Do not administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to a person exposed to Sarin, since the rescuer can be poisoned. If you think you have been exposed to Sarin gas or Sarin-contaminated food, water, or clothing, its important to seek professional medical attention. Flush exposed eyes with water. Clean exposed skin with soap and water. If you have access to a protective respiratory mask, hold your breath until you can secure the mask. Emergency injections typically are used only if symptoms of severe exposure occur or if the Sarin is injected. If you have access to injectables, be sure to understand when to use/not-use them, since the chemicals used to treat Sarin come with their own risks. References CDC Sarin Fact SheetSarin Material Safety Data Sheet, 103d Congress, 2d Session. United States Senate. May 25, 1994.Millard CB, Kryger G, Ordentlich A, et al. (June 1999). Crystal structures of aged phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase: nerve agent reaction products at the atomic level. Biochemistry 38 (22): 7032–9.Hà ¶rnberg, Andreas; Tunemalm, Anna-Karin; Ekstrà ¶m, Fredrik (2007). Crystal Structures of Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Organophosphorus Compounds Suggest that the Acyl Pocket Modulates the Aging Reaction by Precluding the Formation of the Trigonal Bipyramidal Transition State. Biochemistry 46 (16): 4815–4825.

Soc#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Soc#3 - Essay Example parts, all of which serve a function together for the overall effectiveness and efficiency of society (http%3a//www.unc.edu/~kbm/SOCI10Spring2004/Structural_Functionalism.doc). Structural-functionalism is a consensus theory and to maintain the smooth functioning of the society as a whole, this theory sees the society built upon order, interrelation and balance among parts. The social conflict (SC) theorists see dominance by a subordinate group by power and authority. To the SF the norms and values are the basis of the society and social change occurs in a slow and orderly fashion. They acknowledge that change is at times necessary to correct some dysfunctions but it must be gradual allowing people to accept the changes without any disruptions. The SC theorists view social order as maintained by manipulation and controlled by dominant groups. The social change according to them occurs in a rapid and disorganized manner and the subordinate groups need to overthrow the dominant groups t o bring about equality and change in the system. Thus these two theories are exactly opposite of each other. The SC believe that oppression and exploitation by the dominant groups is the root cause of problems in the society and they consider this as wrong while the SF may consider this necessary for the smooth running and integration of the society (http%3a//www.unc.edu/~kbm/SOCI10Spring2004/Conflict_Theory.doc). The conflict theorists see change as inevitable, rapid and continuous. The SF argues that most talented people occupy the highest positions while the SC argues that the dominant groups monopolize the positions of power from generation to generation and keep the subordinate group out. While the SF believes that the most important position sin the society are the best rewarded, the SC believe that the dominant group gets the power to define the rewards. Apart from these, the two theories disagree on several issues like crimes, education and sports. Schools are powerful

Victims and The Criminal Justice system of England and Wales Essay

Victims and The Criminal Justice system of England and Wales - Essay Example Also ‘Everyone has a right to follow a course of action that others judge to be unwise or eccentric, including one which may lead to them being abused ’according to the document ‘Safeguarding Adults’( page 21). routine activity theory, this being also known as either opportunity theory or exposure theory and is described by David Garson on his web page ‘Routine Activity Theory’ Garson believes that victimization is because of exposure to risks, by which he means that more people place themselves in positions of risk obviously the more they increase their chance of becoming victims. The problem with such theories is that they place the responsibility for lessening risk on the victim alone, rather than placing any stress on the motivation of criminals or the responsibilities of law enforcement officials. Also some factors are beyond the person’s ability to change – females are more likely to be victims as are the poor and those who are obviously different - whether because of their skin colour, mental incapacity or religious beliefs. The Sociology 4099 lecture page speaks about social structure being a factor, the poorer section of society being more likely to be victimized, but the causes are seen as both economic and concerned with power – money speaks and the murder of children for instance, especially females , is described as socio-structural victimization. Although the police and social services will often offer some initial support, simply because they may be the first people involved outside a victim’s family, the majority of support available in England and Wales comes from Victim Support, a government aided charity as described on the You Gov web page ‘Victim Support in England and Wales’. The group offer confidential support, advice and give practical help with such things as replacing locks or making repairs. They also offer a witness support role whereby they do such things as accompanying a victim to the court, showing

Concepts of Deterrence and Diplomacy

Concepts of Deterrence and Diplomacy Previously, the paper has examined what diplomacy is and its types. Through the previous discussion, human and politic capability seen as the main player in carries-out diplomacy. Through this chapter, the paper will discuss on deterrence as diplomacy means. With quoted the words from Carl Von Clausewitz, a military strategist and theorist: War is the simple continuation of diplomacy by other means. On the words, Carl Von Clausewitz emphasized that war is not only as an actor in politic, thus as the instrument in politic. War could influence politic decision making.[1] Nowadays, WMD might be used as another diplomatic means to achieve one countrys goals. Deterrence is significant theory in Strategic Studies and in International Relations as well. Since the age of Cold War, chiefly on Cuban Missile Crisis event, deterrence has been viewed and used as the greatest mediator to attempt influence the decision making of the states. Deterrence can be ciphered as social and politic relations primarily enable one party in influencing the other party action. Deterrence is implemented and executed to ensure its opponents abide by its will.[2] On the other words, deterrence is a belief on strategic capability to avoid or prevent itself from being attacked by its opponents the opponents believe that it is not worth to take a military action on the state (Charles W. Kegley Jr. and Eugene R. Wittkopf, 1998). TYPES OF DETERRENCE On this chapter, the paper will examine the types of deterrence as well on the previous chapter which is study on the types of diplomacy. There are three types of deterrence that has been identified by military analysts namely deterrence by denial, deterrence by punishment and deterrence by defeat. Deterrence by denial can be described as the country would not to initiate war when the country assured it could not win the battle.[3] On the other words, State A will attempt to convince State B will not achieve its military-political goals if State B undertakes a military action. As a consequence, the war could be evaded.[4] Meanwhile the country that might to initiate or engage a war would not to do so because the country convinced that it would impose unacceptable damage (as the aftermath or punishment if involve in war) if the country attack the other country this statement portrays what is deterrence by punishment. State A will endeavor to indicate State B that it (State A) will retaliate by obliterating assets that State B highly values if State B commits a particular action such as an invasion. In this context, State A should have great political power (as threat) to deter State B from committing the act. In the other hands, the deterrence will fail if State B acts despite the threat.[5] Deterrence by punishment may be posed an action on other states industry, population, or even the lives of its leader. (Keith B. Payne and C. Dale Walton, 2002). Through-out the words, we can conclude that the purpose of deterrence by punishment is to shape opponents decision making by signal them the aftermath or cost that the opponents will to bear of. While deterrence by defeat shows the state will not to engage or initiate a war because the state certainty that it will be defeated.[6] Via this discussion, in a nutshell, deterrence is the other means to prevent war. Deterrence can be viewed as the other means of diplomacy. Deterrence can be defined as the barrier to prevent war from being occurred. During First World War and the Second World War, war has brought greatest devastating towards mankind, nature, development and war leave bad effect on future generation mainly aftermath of using nuclear weapon. Is it as a signal that the deterrence is another means of diplomacy? It will discuss further on the next discussion. HOW DETERRENCE CAN BE ANOTHER MEANS OF DIPLOMACY? The question left here how deterrence can be a player or an actor in international relations and diplomacy. It is fascinating subject to examine the role of deterrence as diplomacy means. In answering the questions, we need to refer on the papers previous discussion which is what deterrence is and how its carry-out. The adaption of deterrence in international relations is to ensure State B will not take an action that could threat State A. If the State B wishes to do so, State B will bear devastating consequences. This circumstances show that State A attempts to warning and avert any pre-emptive action towards State A. By way of this statement, it represent that deterrence can be adapted as diplomacy instrument which is known as diplomatic bargaining in relationship of the state and the state action in international relations.[7] Psychology tactic and strategy are the finest way to describe the threat that created from deterrence. Deterrence crafted a threat without any physical demolition when deterrence proposed by the state is succeeded. The ambiguity of deterrence as another means of diplomacy still exists. Negotiation and discussion are among the significant elements in diplomacy. But how negotiation is present in deterrence? It is questionable question on this argument. The threat through deterrence is the negotiation. The deterrence represents and delegate the state to let the other state consider or think wisely is it worth to attack the state. In this situation, the other state have a chance to take further action on the state or else.[8] Generally, state will not take an action that it detrimental its people, politic position and economy. The succeed deterrence capable to protect its national interest for the reason that its politic goals achieved. Deterrence is the means to convince the other party (opponents) not to initiate a war toward the state. (Charles W. Kegley and Eugene R. Wittkopf, 1989). The capacity and the capability of nuclear weapon such as the development of ICBM which is leaving the impact of total destruction has been assessed or as a value toward head of the state in making decision concerning on action towards another state. As it concerned, deterrence is effective in preventing a nuclear war from occur in international system until today. The capability of nuclear can activate or enhance the deterrence (Marc A. Genest, 1996). After the discussion, the paper will confer on the using of deterrence in Cuban Missile Crisis. [1] The Pure Concept of Diplomacy [2] Mohamad faisol Keling.2006.Konsep asas hubungan antarabangsa dan pengajian strategik.mm [3] Daniel S. Papp. 1997. Nuclear Weapons and World Politics: Nuclear Strategy and Policy. In Allyn and Bacon (Eds.), Contemporary International Relations (413-414). United States of America: Mcmillan Publishing Company. [4] Keith B. Payne. 2001. The Fallacies of Cold War Deterrence and a New Direction. Lexingto, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid. [7] Charles W. Kegley and Eugene R. Wittkopf, World Politics: Trends and Transformation, 3rd Ed, St. Martin, New York, 1989.pg377. [8] Faisol Keling

Othello Commentary Essay

Shakespeare’s Othello is a play about love, jealousy and racism. Othello is a Moor, who is kidnapped as a child and brought to Venice, where he grows up, becomes a mercenary and through his bravery rises to the rank of General of the Venetian army. Othello is in love with the beautiful Desdemona, daughter of a senator and is secretly married to her. Iago, his junior, jealous of his success attempts to destroy Othello and Desdemona and through his machinations obliterates love, honour and beauty. This passage marks the beginning of Act 1 Scene 2, and we see Iago come from badmouthing Othello to Roderigo and in this scene, he badmouths Roderigo to Othello. As in the first scene, the reader is sort of a voyeur, listening in to people’s conversations and making judgements or opinions of the characters based on the conversations we hear. Iago is a clever speaker and has a way with words. He has spoken of Othello to Roderigo in the first scene and called him all kinds of insulting names and adjudged him to be a criminal and bestial man. This scene begins with Iago, Othello and some attendants making their entrance. Iago recounts his supposed conversation with Roderigo to Othello and tells him that Roderigo has insulted Othello and Iago had been very upset with him and had tried everything to save Othello’s honour. He had also told Roderigo that despite his experience in battle, he had been overlooked for the job of Othello’s deputy. In his conversation with Othello, he uses â€Å"trade of war† to demonstrate his experience as it his trade and he is an able soldier having killed many men in battle, but though Roderigo insulted Othello, it was only because of his conscience that he had been able to stop himself from stabbing Roderigo. In this manner he is able to show the goodness of his heart and also question Othello, if he remembers that he is an experienced soldier. His use of conscience and â€Å"contrived murder† attempt to show Othello that it would have been like murder, which is planned, and not the right thing to do, though he was very angry with Roderigo and would have liked to stab him, â€Å" Nine or ten times. † By using the number of times he would have liked to stab Roderigo and also â€Å"yerked him here, under the ribs† he portrays his anger but also his indecisiveness. We also see that Iago’s use of â€Å"conscience†, at this time in the play leads to the audience’s knowledge of the reality of his lack of a conscience. Othello is happy that Iago has not taken any undue action and tells him its better that things are as they remain. Iago on the other hand, continues his tirade against Roderigo and tells Othello that Roderigo kept repeating himself, he â€Å"prated† or went on and on insulting Othello and spoke â€Å"such scurvy and provoking terms†. Shakespeare’s use of alliteration â€Å"such scurvy† only emphasise the point that Iago is trying to make that Roderigo used very contemptible terms, which were an insult to Othello’s honour. Iago then tries to show that he is a compassionate man, saying, â€Å"with the little godliness I have†, in an attempt to place himself in Othello’s good books. The use of the words,† full hard forbear him† once again are an attempt to portray Iago in a good light, as he says that it took all of his control not to attack Roderigo. full† and â€Å"hard† both have similar meanings, and are used to show the amount of control it took Iago not to do anything. The next line is an abrupt departure from the subject of Roderigo and Iago suddenly asks Othello, â€Å"Are you fast married? † perhaps this is an attempt by Iago to surprise Othello in to disclosing whether he is really married to Desdemona and the word, †fast† is us ed to suggest whether this marriage has been consummated, as if it has not been then perhaps it could still be annulled. He also suggests that Desdemona’s father is a very powerful man, â€Å"Magnifico†, a word that was used for the most powerful men in Venice. He also implies that the senator is so powerful that he commands more power than the Duke of Venice and will be able to get Desdemona divorced and Othello punished very severely. Shakespeare’s use of â€Å"a voice potential† signifies a power that is extremely strong and that no one will be able to against the voice of the Magnifico. Moreover he will be able to use all the might of the law to destroy Othello, as he is also an outsider and Venetian law favoured the Venetians. Othello, on the other hand, is not cowed by Iago’s words and tells him that he is not afraid and the Magnifico can do as he pleases. He believes that his service to the state and the rest of the wealthy citizens of Venice will be enough to protect him. He believes that his services will â€Å"out tongue† his complaints meaning that his services are worth more than another’s words, even a Magnifico’s. Othello tells Iago that he shall only boast of his descent when it is necessary and will tell the world that he too is a prince and his deficiencies or â€Å"demerits† can speak for themselves when he is in front of men of a lineage as regal as his. He also tells him that it is his good fortune that he has been able to win the hand of someone as gentle as Desdemona. He compares her to the treasures of the ocean, as pearls and other sunken treasure litter the sea floor. This comparison to treasure shows the measure of his love for Desdemona and he is willing to sacrifice everything for her. Othello and Iago are surprised to see some men entering and Iago counsels Othello to hide. He tells him that Desdemona’s father and his friends have come to seek him and suggest he hide. Not surprisingly, Othello refuses as he is a honourable man and has nothing to hide, declaring, â€Å" Not I, I must be found†. The use of repetition, â€Å"I† portrays the strength and self-respect that Othello possesses. In the next line he once again repeats, â€Å"My parts, my title and my perfect soul† the repetition of the word â€Å"my† is once again used to portray the nobleness of his soul and is indicative of his honour. To his question if it is really the senator, Iago replies swearing,† By Janus, I think no. † Shakespeare uses classical allusion her by referring to Janus, the two headed Roman god, signifying Iago’s duplicity. They are met by Cassio, Othello’s lieutenant and some guards, who bid him accompany them, as the Duke wants an audience with him. Cassio uses the words, â€Å"haste-post-haste† signifying the urgency with which Othello is required to accompany them to the Duke. Othello departs while questioning Cassio to the urgency of this command. This passage lays the groundwork and shows the duplicity of Iago and the lengths he is willing to go to integrate himself with Othello, while plotting his downfall. It also becomes evident that Iago and Othello are diametrically opposite characters. Iago, who is willing to do or say anything to achieve his ambitions, while Othello is a honourable man, who is willing to do anything for his love Desdemona and is proud of his achievements and his lineage.

What Everybody Is Saying About Essay Topics on Love

What Everybody Is Saying About Essay Topics on Love If you are attempting to discover what you will write about in your essay, these suggestions are what you will need. You ought to use precise facts and figures simply to support your opinion. Your subject will represent a wide whole. If you would like your persuasive essay to acquire the greatest possible scores, you should not simply look closely at its key elements but also to the format and outline. Therefore do not feel overwhelmed with the quantity of writing assignments as it's inevitable, get over it. To avoid that, you've got to make an outline before writing the text and stick with it. An outline is comparable to the table of contents. Your persuasive essay ought to have a very clear plan, which will provide you an opportunity to focus on the most important elements of the work and put aside all of the minor arguments. In reality, sources utilized for writing the synthesis essay needs to be perceived as building blocks using which you construct your distinctive idea. Typically, a structure of essay contains three key sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. Persuasive essay format differs in every specific case, even though it has some common facets. The Upside to Essay Topics on Love Obviously, it may be any variety of explanations. You will possibly fail the class. Keep in mind the topic needs to be interesting and catching not just for you, but additionally for the instructor. If you believe that you don't have plenty of time or due to any other circumstances you aren't able to handle the job, please get in touch with us and we'll be pleased to provide help. If it is all about figu ring out how to compose an AP English synthesis essay, it is necessary to open the official AP website with the present requirements and study the grading rubric to comprehend what things to concentrate on. Teachers do not wish to assess your googling skill. In general, essay writing is a very simple task when you have the correct topic. Expository essay is a kind of paper that's super common for all degrees of education. It is a type of assignment that requires demonstration of your research and reasoning skills on a particular topic. A persuasive essay should stick to a frequent pattern if you would like it to be readable and clear. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. The only thing we recommend to do before you begin working on your expository essay is to produce a correct outline. From time to time, during your nursing program you'll be asked to compose several essays and research papers. Even a complete paragraph may not be sufficient to share the full sense. Use transition words to get your text coherent and simple to read. Elaborate and Insert Words to Modify the Content It is extremely easy to think about words you can just throw into a sentence to ensure it is original, whenever you are reading the sentence pasted from the web. Just paste the precise paragraph you wish to paraphrase, and start to right-click the special and meaningful words. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. The author proves her words with the aid of recent studies. Conversely, if you are unable to attribute the idea to the author of the job you're paraphrasing, you're still guilty of plagiarism. The teacher may provide several words to discuss to earn the paper longer. Understanding Essay Topics on Love Most individuals are worth an opportunity. Others might point to the concept which people are prepared to pay for prostitutes. Men and women work out for different factors. Furthermore, they drink for various reasons. The Bizarre Secret of Essay Topics on Love You discover for yourself such characteristics of the partner's personality that it is possible to get only in the event that you live together. In fact, understanding how to compose a persuasive essay is a significant skill for students of various specialties. The aim of such essays isn't to demonstrate your knowledge, yet to exhibit the im portant thinking and analytical skills. Therefore, the whole world is of the identical society, and is becoming of the exact same language too. In that situation, the topic will appeal to the majority of women since it's relatable. It should be appropriate for your essay type. It is going to also be easier to write about a topic you're passionate about. If you can choose the subject all on your own, you get a great benefit! Essay about politics have become the most obvious option if you require a sure-fire subject. To compose a great nursing essay you need to locate a topic that you understand well or a topic you're passionate to learn more about. Besides persuasive topics, it is possible to also think of argumentative essay topics since they provide the exact effect. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science.

Hoffmann Surname Meaning and Family History

The Hoffmann surname originated as a nickname for a farmer who owned his land rather than rented, from the Middle High German Hofman, meaning person working on a farm. The name eventually came to denote a steward (manager) of a manor farm; as such, it was widespread throughout central and eastern Europe, in both German and non-German-speaking countries. Hoffmann is the 10th most common German surname. Surname Origin: German, Jewish Alternate Surname Spellings:  HOFMAN, HOFMANN, HOFFMAN, HOFMANS, HUFFMAN, HUFFMANN, GOFMAN, HAUFFMAN, HOUGHMAN, HUFMAN Famous People with the HOFFMANN  Surname Dustin Hoffman  - Oscar-winning actorAbbie Hoffman  - American political activist; founder of  the Youth International PartyPhilip Seymour Hoffman  - American actor and directorGaby Hoffmann - American film and television actressErnst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann  (E. T. A. Hoffmann) - German Romantic author of fantasy and horrorAlbert Hofmann - Swiss scientist; best known for his discovery of LSDRoald Hoffmann - American theoretical Nobel Prize-winning  chemistFelix Hoffmann - German chemist best-known for inventing aspirin Where is the HOFFMANN Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Hoffmann surname is most prevalent in Germany, where it ranks as the 7th most common surname in the nation, but is used by a greater percentage of the population in Luxembourg, where it is the 3rd most common surname. It is also fairly common in Austria (74th), Denmark (116th) and Switzerland (150th). The Hoffman spelling, on the other hand, is most prevalent in the United States, although this spelling is not always derived from the German Hoffmann. According to WorldNames PublicProfiler, Hoffmann is found most frequently in southwest Germany, especially the states of Saarland and Rheinland-Pfalz, followed by the northeast German states of Brandenburg and Sachsen-Anhalt. The Hofmann spelling of this surname is also found primarily in Germany, but  in the states of Sachsen, Hessen, Bayern and Thuringen, followed by Zurich, Switzerland. Genealogy Resources for the Surname HOFFMANN Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Hoffmann  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Hoffmann  family crest or coat of arms for the Hoffmann surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. DistantCousin.com - HOFFMANN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Hoffmann. The Hoffmann  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Hoffmann  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997 https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408