Asessment

I will continue to use this priority direction as the example in this assessment 1 guide. Your assignment task is to: 1 . Select one priority direction from the list. For example: One of the six priority directions of the Nest action agenda is ‘Improving the social and emotional wellbeing of young Australians' (pig 14). 2. Introduce the priority direction highlighting the significance for Australian children and youth You could: Discuss what Is social and emotional wellbeing and what are the benefits or outcomes of emotional and social wellbeing for children and youth.For example the early year's research provides evidence that Infant bonding and positive early life social experiences can strengthen healthy brain development providing the potential for greater educational achievement and the capacity to form successful relationships (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2004, Children's Emotional Development Is Built into the Architecture of Their Brains: Working Paper No. 2. Http://www. Developmentally. Net). 3.Identify the current status of child and youth health and wellbeing in Australia (birth to 24 years) in your selected priority direction and present the problem currently faced in Australia. Identify Australian statistics from various resources that indicate the outcomes related social and emotional wellbeing for Australian children. You may use RACY evidence such as Report Card: The wellbeing of young Australians along with other Australian sources e. G. AYAH to support your discussion.The RACY Report Card uses the average of all ‘Loved and Safe' measures to provide a global indicator of social and emotional wellbeing. You can refer to this. You could also provide statistics related to various determinants and related outcomes for this priority area and issues how the factor is relevant e. G. Bullying and the impact on youth mental health. 4. Discuss what determinants of health and wellbeing are contributing to these outcomes . Identify determinants from across various contexts influencing child and youth outcome I. E. Processes in the micro, mess, ex. Or macro systems.In this section you can discuss the factors that influence the statistics and health outcomes you have raised in your essay. For example identify various determinants of social and emotional wellbeing including both protective and risk factors. Discuss owe unemployment (ex.) might affect family functioning (micro) such as positive communication. 5. Propose strategies supported by research and the literature that will help achieve one or more aspects of the Nest action agenda vision for Australia's children and in any context influencing child and youth outcomes I. . Processes in the micro, mess, ex. Or macro systems. Intimidates is a school health promotion program that helps schools support young people to achieve their goals, build relationships and cope with challenges (http:// wry. Intimidates. Due. AU/about-Intimidates/what-is-Intimid ates). How can implementation be encouraged in your local school? Tips on the structure of your essay You have some freedom in this assessment task to select broad or focused issues impacting on child and youth health.This will impact on how to present your work. Plan your presentation carefully. Your presentation can follow the order of assignment tasks listed in the unit outline or you may reorder the information to improve the logical flow of your ideas and the essay. You can present your work as an essay however, you may use headings to respond to the various tasks. A good resource on effective writing and how to write an essay is: http://unlearning. IOW. Due. AU/main. HTML.See also a comparison between essay and a report style http://unlearning. IOW. Due. AU/report/l b. HTML Correct referencing following the Harvard style is required See the marking criteria in the unit outline for the areas your work will be assessed against. Each lecturer will arrange a webbing session for yo ur group where you can ask question about the first assessment. These sessions will be recorded so that if you can't attend the set time you can listen to the questions and answers at a later time.

The Party of Life

The party of life Life is a challenge that we all must take and overcome. Like a never ending obstacle course, we must jump through the hurtles of work, run through the pain of tragedy, and climb up the ropes of solitude. Life never goes the way we plan it to but that is why I follow the most important law of life: It may not be the party we hoped for, but while we're here, we should dance. When life goes wrong and pushes you down, it’s our job to pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off and keep on going with a wide smile and broad shoulders.We have all found ourselves in situations, where all we wish for is to leave, and for it to be over. There are times where we question, why things happen to us, and why we must suffer. I believe that this law of life is the perfect solutions for these situations and questions. This law of life means that no matter what situation you are in, you should still try to enjoy yourself and make the best of everything that is given to you. I chose this quote because I believe if you be positive in a rough position, then you can withstand anything that life launches at you.These are the moments that keep us waking up in the mornings, and going to bed at night. Living by this quote means we should go out with an optimistic attitude, with our heads held high, and ready to enjoy everything the world has to give to us no matter what has happened. I remember when I was younger; I flew to Russia and saw one of my old family friends. She showed me the town I used to live in and I was baffled to see how much things changed. I was surrounded by poverty and alarming conditions, but what surprised me the most was how the people reacted.They were not sulking and sobbing like I thought they would be, instead, they were enjoying themselves. Children ran around with their friends playing with a worn out soccer ball in their tattered clothing giggling and with jubilant looks on their faces. They didn’t care that their clothes werenâ₠¬â„¢t as expensive or new, they were just grateful that they were with friends that cared for them and would help them out in their time of need, and family that would risk anything just to make them safe and happy.They might not have gotten the riches or money, but since they were alive and with loved ones, they relished what they had and were truly content. When we were young we all had our dreams. â€Å"I want to be a doctor! † someone would say. â€Å"I want to live in a big house and have a nice car! † another would reply. These thoughts are simply contagious as a human being so when I saw the families in my old town I thought to myself â€Å"This isn’t what they wished for but they still found a way to make it work†.Their lives weren't the â€Å"parties† they hoped for but they still had a great time â€Å"dancing†. So when life jumps out of the bushes and scares us, we shouldn't shriek and run, instead, we should turn around and laugh . When we trip and fall, we shouldn't hope no one saw us and walk off embarrassed. Preferably, we should get back up on our feet and embrace the moment and enjoy every seconded of it. Life will never be what we predict it to be, but that’s just what makes it fun and more entertaining to dance to.

Basic Accounting Assignment Essay Example for Free

Basic Accounting Assignment Essay Generally Accepted   Principles, Balance sheet, Accounts receivable, Income statement, Debt, Liability, Double-entry bookkeeping system, Accounts payable 1- Explain the collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing and reporting process of accounting. – Collecting:- Data obtained from various sources with the help of appropriate measures is called collection of data. – Recording:- Arranging the data into its chronological form is called recording of data. – Classifying:- Division of data according to nature of events is called classification of data. – Ledger is used for classifying transactions – Posting is the process of transferring transactions from journal to ledger. Summarizing:- This involves presenting the classified data in a manner which is understandable and useful to the management and other interested parties. Follow statements are prepared:- – Income statement – Balance Sheet – Cash flow statement – Analyzing:- The comparison of data in a business is called analyzing of data. For example, analyzing of present data with past data, or actual data with projected data. – Reporting:- Forwarding the results to financial users like chairman, directors, managers etc. is called reporting of data. – Discuss in detail the nature of accounts i. e. assets, expenses, liabilities, revenues and capital by giving examples. – Assets:- The resources of a business are called assets. They are of two types:- – Fixed Assets: Land, Building, Equipment, Vehicle etc. – Current Assets: Cash, cash at bank, A/c receivable, debtors, prepaid expenses. – Expenses:- The amount spent in a business wit h a view to gain profit in the future is called expense. Examples are rent expenses, salaries expenses, advertisement expenses etc. – Liabilities:- The financial responsibilities of the business for which it is liable are called liabilities. They are divided into two types:- – Fixed Liabilities (Bank Loan, Bonds Payable, Mortgage Payable. ) – Current Liabilities (Notes Payable, Unearned Income, Creditors. ) – Capital:- The amount of money invested by the owner in the business is called capital. – Revenue:- The incomes and the profits earned in the business through selling are called revenues. For example, Sales, Service revenue, Interest, commission earned. – Drawings:- The amount of money taken away by the proprietor for personal benefits is called Drawings. 3- Describe the accounting rule of debit and credit for accounts like assets, expenses, liabilities, revenues and capital. – Assets – Increase in Asset is debit. – Decrease in Asset is credit. – Liabilities – Increase in liabilities is credit. – Decrease in liabilities is debit. – Revenues – Increase in revenues is credit. – Decrease in revenues is debit. – Expenses – Increase in expense is debit. – Decrease in expense is credit. – Capital – Increase in capital is credit. – Decrease in capital is debit. – Select any twenty categories from the above and identify a transaction that will have the required effect on the business. 1- Purchased Goods on credit 25,000. 2- Gave services for cash 5,000. 3- Brought cash in business 65,000. 4- Adjusting entry of out standing salaries 9000. 5- Wa ges wrongly debited to Sales 400. 6- Salaries wrongly debited to Drawings 600. 7- Paid to accounts payable in cash 1500. 8- Goods returned by customer worth 650. 9- Withdrew cash for personal use 550 Basic Accounting Assignment. (2018, Oct 26).

Future of Marine Communication in the Navy Essay

Future of Marine Communication in the Navy - Essay Example As ages went by, the more traditional audio/visual aids used under naval communication were replaced by more advance radio, satellite and underwater communication. The need for development of communication systems in Navy was always greater than it was in merchant ships as a larger number of lives depended on it. The atrocities of war always were a far more serious threat and the slightest mistake could result in catastrophic consequences. "Communications is everything, it's the ability to pass information down to our units that are supporting us and are working in our group, and up to our bosses so that they have a feeling of assuredness that we're doing the right thing in a timely fashion, and we're answering their questions, as well", Harris said." (http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.aspstory_id=21269) The most basic form of audio communication was simply through raising a voice by mariners if the vessel is close enough. Another form is through sounding the horn on the ship. For instance, a long blast every two minutes used when operating in a fog. Visual communication was widely practiced through the use of lights. Lights were flashed on and off to signal messages between ships. The use of lighthouse is far old. Many of the basic audio visual aids used for centuries by mariners are still in practice. In 1916, the United States Navy Department was connected by teleph... Communication was established shortly after this between the office of the Secretary of the Navy and the captain of the battleship New Hampshire. The Secretary then gave orders to the ship for the next day's movements, this being the first event that a ship of the Navy was ever operated direct from the department by wireless telephone. This demonstration was followed by communication with various naval stations, widely separated, by long-distance landline. This accomplishment was nothing but a realization towards the wonders which the future brought with development of communication technology in the Navy. The Development of Communication Equipments in the Navy With the realization came concrete steps towards the expansion of the industry of communication equipments for the Navy. Companies started entering into the business of research and manufacturing of such technologies globally. With extensive research a number of systems and technologies emerged. A review of the technologies developed and the companies which developed them is given in the pages that follow. Marcom - Integrated Communications System The Marcom is the foundation of the Navy's newest digital integrated voice / data switching system for affordable command and control equipment supporting communications and radio room automation. It uses latest technology to offer the user of command and control system a low cost, user friendly, solution to the complex voice, video and data communications needs of current and future endeavours. L-3 Communication Systems-East designs, located in New Jersey, is specialized in developing, producing and integrating communication systems and support equipment for naval applications. As part of L-3 Communications Corporation, the company is ranked as one

Elder abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elder abuse - Essay Example Other types of elder abuse include financial abuse that involves misuse of assets belonging to a defenseless adult, neglect, and abandonment of a vulnerable adult (Jarvis, 2012). Like other types of abuse, elder abuse can be prevented. Effective intervention such as calling for the respect of older people’s assets has the potential to curb elder abuse (Jarvis, 2012). Increasing awareness among family members, physicians as well as mental health professionals can also help break cycles of abuse. For instance, educating the persons close to the older people on the essence of observing the rights of older people will aid significantly in solving this problem. Keeping in touch with older people through simple activities such as taking older friends out to dinner, visiting them as well as calling on them to see how they are faring on will aid in preventing elder abuse. Additionally, participation in committees that advocate observance of older people’s rights as well as encouraging the development of education programmes for older persons on their rights will aid significantly in solving elder

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection Paper - Essay Example This is actually a great marketing tool to help customers identify with and makes them want to support businesses with their business needs. Amdocs Corporation is actively involved in many citizen oriented activities throughout the world. They especially reach out and contribute to programs and activities involving children, people with disabilities, and, the poor people and communities where resources for survival aren’t as available. They are actively involved in food and equipment drives, education and mentoring, and drawing attention to community needs. This made an impression on me because the article I read talked about them doing many good things to help people in ways that are more humanitarian instead of business oriented. People who work for Amdocs are part of these communities also; it makes them feel that their company supports them by being actively involved in helping the community. Not only does Amdocs contribute funding support, but it also contributes thousand s of hours of community service to help bridge the gap between what is needed and what the community can provide for itself. Amdocs received a special recognition as being one of the top 100 companies to provide community outreach and service. (Amdocs, 2011) My community service project experience was spent with Faith, Hope, and Love, International, Inc. in Indianapolis. It is a multi- cultural faith based organization that began in Indianapolis in 2005. Their main vision is to make an impact on the neighborhoods surrounding them to increase the social, economic, and spiritual qualities of life for the people they serve. They are actively involved in faith based outreach ministries as well as supporting foreign missions and families with donations. They also have a food bank that helps people locally who are struggling to find enough food in the local community during this time of economic hardship. Their goal is to break down the walls of separation between ethnic and religious com munities to show caring, support and concern for all as the strong arm of their faith based ministry. I found this organization by looking through the list I got from class. I didn’t really know anything about them, but the name sounded good to me. I learned a lot about volunteerism from this experience; how even the smallest assistance makes a big impact. Non-profit organizations can always use an extra hand to help handle the heavy loads they carry. When people volunteer their time and energy to help these organizations, it frees up the administrative people to do more important tasks associated with enlarging their outreach to the communities. Some of the smaller organizations, like the one I chose, have minimal numbers of staff to perform a lot of duties. There was only one couple at the ministry in charge of everything and I helped them as much as I could by performing three services during my volunteer stay there. I helped organize food and supplies at the food storage bank. We had to keep like items together to make it easier for the workers to pack the bags for when people arrived to get their food packages. We also had to make sure the donated foods and their containers were in good condition and did not have expired dates. They asked me to help send out postcards thanking donors for their contributions as well as ones to local businesses and other faith communities asking for support. I sent out around 300 postcards which were hand addressed and stamped. I also

New position is to develop a project portfolio management process and Essay

New position is to develop a project portfolio management process and then use this process to select projects for your Strategic Business Units portfolio - Essay Example Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is regarded as an effective set of practices that enable organizations to gain the capability of managing projects. The set of practices within the PPM ensures to make proper alignment of different required project activities and working elements in accordance with the postulated goals and objectives of the projects that undertake by a particular company (Morris & Pinto 94-112). With respect to the predetermined business goals of the company, the proposed portfolio process has been characterized into few major stages including project initiation, planning and execution along with controlling stage. The following discussion briefly discusses these key phases of the proposed PPM procedure. Project Initiation Stage. The initiation stage of the project will focus on identifying its potential scope regarding the products and/or services offered by the company to the clients (Levine 85-108). In relation to the business practices of the SBU, the activities in the initiation stage will help the company to recognize the project scope along with the objectives while expanding business to the markets of Europe and Alaska. Project Planning Stage. The planning stage of the respective project will focus on three major key areas such as scheduling activities, resource planning and cost planning associated with different operational services linked with production/selling actions of the SBU (Levine 85-108). With regards to the proposed PPM process, the activities relating to the determination of potential risks, quality related issues and different change management obstacles can help the managers of the company to formulate effective decisions. Executing and Controlling Stage. During this phase, all the processes, plans, activities and schedules are properly utilized, ensuring that the respective

Is mass media a cause of moral decline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is mass media a cause of moral decline - Essay Example Mass media have enjoyed the limelight for the benefits that it has brought to the society to a point that its failures have been overlooked. The failures range from poor coverage of content and negative exposure to moral decadence in the society; where moral decadence is crucial. As a result, it is essential to evaluate mass media in order to ascertain whether it is a cause of moral decline in our society. Mass media have contributed largely to the decadence of morality in the society due to its role in lowering religious tolerance. As such, mass media have continuously portrayed the differences found within different religious groups and drawn criticisms towards them. This has led to increased hostility amongst different religious groups and religions since mass media draw a line between them. This creates the illusion that none of the religions can coexist peacefully without getting into each other’s business and without pointing out their differences. ... A large portion of the population spends a large amount of time watching television or interaction with other forms of mass media. This is the same mass media that is indiscriminate in its programming, where it portrays popular culture, in which sexual promiscuity and people are idolized. It is this idolization that is killing the sense of guilt and morality in people especially children as there is not much they understand (Wilson, 2008). They are more into taking that which they are exposed to as the gospel truth, as opposed to choosing that which is right and leaving out the rest. In addition, mass media over the internet provides easy access to inappropriate content in the form of pornography, which affects the behavior of people and their perception of the world and others (Wilson, 2008). This is in the case where one becomes hyper sensitive to sexual content that he or she thinks and perceives real life events on a sexual perspective. As a result, there is increased possibility of sexual crimes since pornography is glorified in mass media leading to rapes and abortions in pregnant women; proving that mass media has considerable influence towards moral decadence. Moreover, mass media present strong content relating to violence and aggressive behavior, which affects the development and control of emotions in people (Wilson, 2008). In this case, mass media, especially television and video games show increased instances of violence, which may be helpful for the individuals watching them. However, the intended benefits do not entirely manifest themselves in the people but instead manifest a negative consequence of moral decadence. This is because instead of creating an avenue for the release of negative

Market research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Market research - Essay Example Marketing research often specifies the required information to address some of these issues, designs of proper methodology for collecting information, management and implementation of the data gathering process, analysis of the results, as well as the aspect of communicating the ultimate findings and implications (McNulty, 2014). Market research generally has to do with systematic act of recording, gathering and analysing of quantitative and quantitative data involving issues that relates to marketing of goods and services. The main objective of this element is the identification and assessment of the changing marketing mix and customer elements (Inc. (Firm), 2014). Market research is mainly concerned particularly with the general market perspectives and processes. Customer marketing research usually refers to a form of functional sociology that lays its major concentration on greater understanding of the attitudes, preferences, and the consumers’ behaviours within each and every market-based economy. The main aim is the element of trying to understand the comparative success and impacts of various marketing campaigns (Inc. (Firm), 2014). The main task with regards to marketing research is the provision of proper management with accurate, relevant, valid, reliable and latest information. This often works towards solving various marketing issues that emerge mainly due to competition within the marketing environment. Competitive environment, together with an ever-increasing cost that are often attributed to the aspect of inadequate decision making techniques that needs the marketing research to offer sound information (Inc. (Firm), 2014). The basis of intuition, gut feeling or pure judgment should not be involved when it comes to the aspect of making sound decisions. Marketing managers often make various tactical

The First Nations of British Columbias South Coast Essay

The First Nations of British Columbias South Coast - Essay Example There are other issues discussed such as the historic Indian cultures that were identified by explorers (VirtualMuseum.Ca, 2008). Nevertheless, unlike the Southwest, the place lacked intensive archaeology that would be stimulated by the stone ruins; instead, there were potlatches, totem poles, masks, which depicted the prehistoric cultures attributed to clam shells. On the other hand, an analysis of the Blackman’s â€Å"Facing the Future, Envisioning the Past† (1990) explains the way contemporary Northwest Coast art was perceived as a result of revival that had commenced in 1960s. In fact, the Blackman (1990) argues that the bulk of contemporary art was focused on commercial market, given that the buyers were influenced by the meaning. Nevertheless, it is significant to acknowledge that historical archival photographs from the Northwest Coast are substantial resources to facilitate the analysis of the North coast art and material culture. Blackman offers a fascinating illustration of the Northwest Coast Art through publication of historical and contemporary photographs, research slides of museum collection piece. Chapter two focuses on the form in Northwest Coast Indian art, whereby the Holm (1983) explains that the styles identified in this area were partially derived from two-dimensional space. These entail a division of continuous process, which was attributed to both positive and negative from of silhouette and sculptures on the Northwest Coast. Moreover, the chapter indicates that Northwest was known for three-dimensional sculptural art and concept. Nevertheless, there chapter offers a description of the fundamental distinction between arts of various cultural groups on the Coast, and an illustration of the exemplary examples through a presentation of some of the early pieces (Holm, 1983). In fact, some of these pieces can be accessed via websites, which are hosted by leading

Financial Aid Essay Example for Free

Financial Aid Essay The role of financial aid in college access and success is immense. Lack of adequate financing of education make many students from low income backgrounds fail to realize their educational aspirations (Reindl, 2007). It is from this premise that obstacles which accompany financial aid to low income students come to fore. The influence of aid on the enrollment persistence of students consists of interrelated factors which include timing, amount and type of aid and how they correlate with persistence among other attributes that relate to students (Pascarella Terenzini 2005) Although it is prudent to consider the positive implications of financial aid to needy students, especially those of the minority groups that have felt sidelined for long, the question of how best to carry out the financing should be looked into. Many a student in higher education fails to achieve high academic performance due to their inability to focus on academics prompted by frustrated efforts to get financing. Financiers of the education of such student need to look into their procedures to be followed by students seeking financing of their education. This is in terms of the conditions to be satisfied by the needy students as well as the length of time the financial assistance will take before the recipient gets his / her college account credited. The reason for this is that not all institutions have provision for late arrival of the aid. The implication therefore if the aid delays is that the student will be forced to be out of the institution for some time, a matter which may make them fail to do their exams, tutorials, researches and vital lessons. In the long run such students will have low aggregate points and consequently failing to achieve their r personal educational and life goals. When the aid delays, or when the procedures to be followed in securing one prove to be too taxing, students get undue stress. This has far reaching implications both in terms of their health and general academic performance. In the long run, assistance will be a problem added to their financial incapacitation (Immerwahr 2003). Literature review Several researches have been undertaken on the problems that students under finance aid scheme face. Most of them point to the fact that financial aid can be an impediment and not a solution to students’ academic issues related to finance especially if the student fraternity is not informed of the availability and procedures In his journal â€Å"With diploma in Hand: Hispanic High School Seniors Talk about Their Future†, Immerwahr, J. (2003) uses interviews to highlight the challenges that these students faced in college as far as financial aid among other things are concerned. He interviewed 50 Hispanic High School seniors in San Antonio, Santa Clara Tucson, Chicago and New York. His findings were that many students on financial aid had difficulties at the end of it all because the aid was unpredictable making the students to be stressed. This is echoed by Stampen and Cabrera, (2007) who used questionnaires and interviews in their quest to know the effects of financial aid packaging on attrition and Pascarella and Terenzini (2005) in their journal How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research who use the same methods to expound on what affects students in college. A variety of issues are raised including the moral and social growth for some and despair for those dependent on finance aid which in most cases is unpredictable. Students may also fail to estimate how much in terms of amount of aid they require. The amount they get can be less than what is sufficient for them to complete their education. The aid that they get can be in the form of loans, work study opportunities or grants and scholarships. In the case of work study opportunities, the students may not get sufficient time for their studies as they are required to work also. This creates a lot of stress on the aid beneficiaries according to Voorhees (2005). Voorhees used on campus surveys in drafting his Student finances and campus? based financial aid: a structural model analysis of the persistence of high? need freshmen. Bias in aid allocation translates into variables exhibited by students in terms of their academic performance (Titus, 2006; Rubin, 2004). Using propensity score matching, it was established that there is a significant difference between financially aided and unaided students. Results based on five thousand freshmen at a public university in the US and retention in second year before and after noting their GPA and math experience showed that there is a relationship between aid influence and enrollment persistence (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella Terenzini, 2005) When looking at the issue of aid extension to low-income students, it is imperative that women be also assisted. This is because they are more likely to be affected more than their male counterparts, in most cases being affected by stress when they fail to secure aid in time to enhance their studies. Financial aid influences the retention of students based on their estimated family contribution. The challenge here is that those students whose families’ contribution is less than $4000 have higher chances of getting lower GPA’s (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella Terenzini, 2005) Methodology and Findings Since there are individual disparities that may affect the performance of the students who may be getting the same financial aid, this study used propensity score matching model which cater for the variables that may be of demography nature, or pre-college experiences. The new freshmen were categorized into those that get aid in form of loans or grants and those that do not get any aid at all. The two groups were then subjected to a comparison, that is, those that get aid package vis-a-vis those without any aid in their first year. The group that did not get any aid was called untreated. The methodology used (estimated propensity score) helps in ridding the bias based on self-selection. The effects of aid bias may not be fully accounted for using this method of study (Titus, 2006; Lunceford Davidian, 2004) as other unaccounted for reasons may come into interplay. The amount that the students are able to get from their families affect the outcome of the study. It categorized the students in terms of those who could pay for their education and those who could not. In the findings that have been tabulated, the columns that are unmatched show the effect of aid without making a match of students on propensity for aid assistance. The matched average effect column is used as a control for the bias in aid selection. The matched average untreated and matched average treated give the probable retention results if the aided student(s) had not been aided or if the unaided one had received some financial assistance. Matched students with an average possibility of receiving aid are more likely to persist into their second year of studies compared to those with low aid chance. This study furnishes separate estimates by EFC in gauging the influence that financial aid has on student retention. An EFC of 4000 dollars and less encompasses students from low- income background eligible for grants. These students got an aid of between $2000 and $ 3000 in their first year while middle income students with $ 4000-10000 receive between $ 800- 900 aids. Those with Expected Family Contribution (EFC) of more than $ 10000 receive less to no aid at all, only relying on merit-based aid. They however show a greater possibility of remaining in college in their next academic year as compared to their aided counterparts who have higher remaining need after using their aids to pay for schooling. There is no correlation between the net persistence of students with $ 4000-$10000 EFC in their GPA or math experience and the aid they receive. Gift aid for those with high EFC increases their persistence by 18% meaning that the more EFC these students have, the better they work towards their academic endeavors (Dowd, 2004). The following are the tabular summaries of the information obtained from the study. Not all parts of the study have been tabulated but only the seminal ones. From the literature analysis and the results of this study, some issues are apparent: Financial aid to low- income students may greatly hamper their studies if we look at the securing of the finances. If the aid delays, the students get stressed up and may therefore not concentrate in class. Those who do not know the whole procedure get more problems because their studies are hampered. The effect of the Expected Family Contribution on the capability of the learner to proceed to the next year has been shown. The less the EFC a student is capable of raising, the lower their performance and possibility of proceeding to the next year. Those with EFC of more than 10000 dollars show no effect if not given an aid but show considerable possibility of proceeding to the next year and also of passing well. References Adelman, C. (2007). Do we really have a college access problem? Change (July? August): 48? 51. Bodvarsson, O. B. Walker, R. L. (2004): Do parental cash transfers weaken performance in college? Economics of Education Review 23: 483? 495. Caison, A. L. (2006): Analysis of institutionally specific retention research: A comparison between survey and institutional database methods. Research in Higher Education 48(4): 435? 451. Dowd, A. (2004): Income and financial aid effects on persistence and degree attainment in public colleges; Education Policy Analysis and Archives, 12(21). Herzog, S. (2005): Measuring determinants of student return vs. dropout vs. transfer: a First-to-second year analysis of new freshmen; Research in Higher Education 46 Immerwahr, J (2003): With Diploma in Hand: High School Senior Talk about Their Future. NCPPHE (8): 883? 928. Lunceford, J. K. , and Davidian, M. (2004): Stratification and weighting via the propensity score

Global Perspective on Health Policy Essay Example for Free

Global Perspective on Health Policy Essay The controversial issue of healthcare coverage for all individuals is an ethical and moral issue that Americans struggle with and as socially proactive as they are on there are many issues arising of it. Healthcare is not only about health and coverage but the major issue is about funding, what can be funded and what cannot be funded and how is going to be funded. Universal healthcare in other countries offers insight into some of the biggest issues and best alternatives for providing healthcare to all and to resolve the health care rising cost. The ethical issue of health care has led to the Accountable Care Act or Obama Care policy development and legislation. More time, data and research has to be done before the definite results of this legislation can be proven. A controversial issue Considering the opposing views about Accountable Care Act legislation, it’s reasonable to understand why universal health care has elicit such a heated political controversy among political parties as well as throughout American people. Unlike other Western industrialized nations, the U.S. has not established a universal health care system. Since health care is a fundamental defining policy of the modern state, and since Obama’s health care reform can be seen as an expansion of the role of government, it can be analyzed in a global context (Ha, 2012). The issue of health care reform brings important ethical issues of justice to the forefront, as individuals, communities, and the legislature struggle with how to provide quality health care for the many without sacrificing the basic rights of even the few (Sorrel, 2012). Policy’s creation The divide on health care coverage, cost and sustainability for all Americans and the increased cost of health care in United States led to legislations being brought to seek out a solution to the issue. The American Recovery and  Reinvestment Act was the first of these laws, this act signed into law in 2009 by President Obama. The Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act was also signed into law. Also enacted and accompanied by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act. Another legislation that became a law in 2010 is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Patel, 2013). Provisions in the act are designed to expand insurance coverage, control costs, and target prevention (Gable, 2011). One of the primary targets is adults aged 19-64, since their access to health care and use of health services deteriorated between 2000 and 2010, particularly among those who were uninsured (Kenney, McMorrow, Zuckerman, Goin, 2012). The PPACA includes reforms such as prohibiting insurers from denying coverage for pre-existing conditions, expanding Medicaid eligibility, subsidizing insurance premiums, and providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits. Insurance companies will no longer be able to drop clients when they become ill. The act has the potential to improve health outcomes across all income and age groups at a reduced cost (Sorrel, 2012). Steps in the state and federal policy development process. The steps of the development process focus in the four â€Å"pillars† of health reform: improving the quality of care, making health insurance affordable, supporting personal responsibility, and developing a sustainable approach to health care financing. This platform will help focus the initiative to tackle the growing costs of health care while preserving the highest quality of care for all Americans and avoiding cost-shifting wherever possible (Bipartisan Policy Center, 2013). Many ACA provisions went into effect immediately or soon after the health reform law was enacted in 2010; others are being phased in over time. Several major reforms, including the Medicaid expansion, insurance exchanges, and minimum coverage provision (â€Å"individual mandate†) will go into effect in 2014, and still others will go into effect later. APHA recommends several great resources for tracking state progress on creating health insurance exchanges, funding states have received through various ACA provisions, and states intentions regarding the Medicaid expansion, and other topics (APHA, 2010). Policy development vs implementation. Policy development starts with knowing what the problem is and how the policy will improve the issue. So the importance of analyzing the data about the problem needing fixed. When writing the policy provide the opportunity for the input of the policy makers to suggest changes which provides different viewpoints. To present the policy to the committees for approval or changes as needed. Policy Implementation is ready to start with a timetable of how the implementing of the policy and briefing the States. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act is an enormous administrative challenge, and many details of its implementation are still developed by the Department of Health and Human Services (Wann, 2013). Policy development starts from the moment the public, the legislature think there is an issue and a solution is needed. The ACA development started many years ago back in the 90s when the Clinton administration specifically Hillary Clinton supported the creation of a Universal Health C are system, that laid the foundation on which ACA started to gather the issues and started to research possible solutions. The issues was brought by the public to the press, to the meetings and hearings during the elections campaign and started to gather strength and support on President Obama challenge not only the American people, but the entire Congress to bring out to the negotiations idea on how to increase access to care while reducing cost. The ACA legislation development follows several tenets as the building block in which the legislation was written and develop on, Quality affordable health care for all Americans, the role of public programs, Improving the quality and efficiency of health care, prevention of chronic disease and improving public health, Health care workforce, Transparency and program integrity, Improving access to innovative medical therapies, Community living assistance services and supports and Revenue provisions (Democrat Senate, 2004). The implementation process of the legislation follows the same tenet but there is not planning and changing is the plan drafted and written how each steps will be attained and when and lastly the evaluation of the development and the implementation and sitting back in the drafting table to fix any encountered issues. The development and implementation phases of the legislation cannot be seen as two different path but rather as a process of two collaboration between the two parts using the same foundation to build.  To summarize the differences between development and implementation would be that the developments of the policy consist of the idea to the final written policy. The implementation of the policy is the start of putting the policy in action. Stakeholder’s involvement The stakeholders became involved with the affordable care act because even though this was controversial many believed that the needs were far greater than the issue and some changes were needed. Stakeholders for this legislation is the entire country of United States as the affected party, the health care providers, the legislators, the President of United States. In health care, the overarching goal for providers, as well as for every other stakeholder, must be improving value for patients, where value is defined as the health outcomes achieved that matter to patients relative to the cost of achieving those outcomes. Improving value requires either improving one or more outcomes without raising costs or lowering costs without compromising outcomes, or both. Failure to improve value means, well, failure (Porter, Lee, 2013). Stakeholders are heard during the elections periods where the issues to be discussed should and have to be of interest to the public to be added to the political platform. The press plays an important role on serving as the echo or the microphone to put the issues that are important for the American people. The Health care providers were a major force on the legislation development as their input from a business standpoint played major role on discussing areas that were part of the problem as well as area that needed to stay the same and it also serve as another voice of the public on such a controversial issue. Congress as a stake holder not only play a vital role on policy development and drafting but was the starting point of bringing the issue to the front and placed it in the agenda to be discussed and heard and last the President and its executive branch as the approval seal to the developed policy. In summary the Affordable Care Act has pique the interest not only as a national issue but a global one. Like any policy development the issues have to discuss by the stakeholders representing health care and each and every one has a specific interest in the issue to be solve. References American Public Health Association, (2014), ACA Implementation. Retrieved August 4, 2014 from http://www.apha.org/advocacy/Health+Reform/implementation/ Bipartisan Policy Center, (2013). Managing Costs, Preserving Care: Health Care Cost Containment Report Release. Retrieved on August 4th, 2014 from http://bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/health-care-cost-containment-initiative Patel, K. Parker, R. Villaruel, A.Wong,W (2013). Amplifying the Voice of the Underserved in the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved on August 4th, 2014 from http://www.iom.edu/Global/Perspectives/2013/AmplifyingTheVoice Ha, J. (2012). Health Care Reform vs ObamaCare: Partisan framing of FOX, MSNBC, NYT snd WSJ. Retrieved on August 4th, 2014 from http://gnovisjournal.org/2012/11/30/health-care-reform-vs-obamacare-partisan-framing-of-fox-msnbc-yt-and-wsj/ Porter, M. E. (2013), The Strategy that will fix health care. Harvard Business Review, Retrieved On August 4th, 2014 from http://hbr.org/2013/10/the-strategy-that-will-fix-health-care Sorell, M. J. (2012), Patient Protec tion and Affordable Care Act: Ethical Perspectives. Retrieved on August 4th, 2014 from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/Columns/Ethics/Patient-Protection-and-Affordable-Care-Act-Ethical-Perspectives.html

Leed Versus Breeam Analysis Construction Essay

Leed Versus Breeam Analysis Construction Essay Displaying a green certificate is becoming more and more important for organisations as the communities they operate in are becoming more and more sustainably aware. Environmental assessment of buildings is nothing new, BREEAM was the first national scheme introduced in 1990 but has since expanded, going from a small 19-page BRE report with 27 credits available, to a substantial 350-page technical guide with 105 credits BREEAM has conquered the UK Market for almost 20 years. But now has stiff competition from the US Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). In 1998 the US Green Building Council launched its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). BREEAM and LEED are now the main methods currently competing for business in the UK. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Is an internationally recognized green building certification system,  providing third-party verification that a building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their impacts (USGBC, 2008). Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED provides building owners and operators a concise framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions. It was recently introduced into the UK as a solution to some of the downfalls of current rating systems. In the UK, interest in LEED is growing. The Green Building Certification Institutes website records 66 LEED Accredited Professionals in the UK. This is the fifth highest national total behind the US, Canada, UAE and China (BSRIA, 2009). LEED is flexible enough to apply to all building types especially commercial. It works throughout the building lifecycle first assessment is completed at the design and construction stage then the second is the operations and maintenance stage, then finally any tenant fit out, and significant retrofit. However, the LEED design can miss many green opportunities that fall outside the stringent LEED criteria. One problem with the LEED method of sustainable design is that it can foster an all-or-nothing attitude toward this pursuit. LEED audits have become a common activity during schematic design. All too often, however, green design is abandoned entirely once this audit shows a project falling short of the number of points required for LEED certification (Environmental Outlook, 2002). Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM Is the foremost method of assessing the environmental performance of new and existing buildings both in the UK and worldwide. It sets the standard for best practice in sustainable development and covers virtually all aspects of the design. (BREEAM, 2002) Achieving a BREEAM rating is ever more becoming a requirement of Funding Bodies and Planning Authorities. It also demonstrates a commitment to socially responsible development and creating sustainable and healthy environments in which current and future generations are to live and work. (BREEAM, 2002) Assessments are carried out at two stages; Firstly, during the Design Stage and then at Post Construction Review Stage. Following the Post Construction Stage Assessment, the Client is provided with a BREEAM Certificate directly by the BRE. BREEAM Ratings are awarded in five categories: pass, good, very good, excellent and outstanding. The BREEAM process will help to encourage better standards with commercial developments, but it should be done in a way that clearly acknowledges the complete development cycle for different options rather than the factory gate figure alone. Future strategies for BREEAM will need to see a general alignment with government carbon reduction and sustainability plans. BREEAM would then be more integrated into legislation so that new buildings are built with sustainability embedded throughout the complete process. These two methods lack similarities when it comes to the process of qualifications. BREEAM has trained assessors who assess the evidence against the credit criteria and report it to the BRE, who validate the assessment and issue the certificate. While LEED does not require training, there is a credit available if an accredited professional (AP) is used. (James Parker 2009) Table The role of the AP is to help gather the evidence and advise the client. The evidence is then submitted to the USGBC which does the assessment and issues the certificate. Both schemes share common components see Table 1. Early involvement of the assessor or AP at the design stage is beneficial to the project and the final rating. Both schemes drive the market to improve building design. The judging criteria also keep pace with legislative developments and current best practice. James Parker author of BREEAM vs LEED (2009) has issued findings on buildings which have achieved both a BREEAM and a LEED rating his findings were as follows. The US-GBC also lists ten UK buildings as being registered for one of the LEED schemes. At the time of writing, the list shows that only one UK building the Herman Miller HQ in Cheltenham as having gained a LEED rating. This building also had a BREEAM assessment carried out under the offices 2006 scheme, under which it was awarded an excellent rating. Another building known to have both a BREEAM and a LEED rating is the Van de Kamp Bakery, at Los Angeles City College. The bakery gained a certified LEED rating and a Good BREEAM 2005 rating (James Parker, 2009). James Parkers findings provide the opinion that BREEAM issues a higher rating for the same building in both the US and the UK. However it would be more precise to compare LEED with BREEAM 2008, as the latter now has a compulsory post-construction review, this has been an item on the objective list for LEED for a while. Previous BREEAM schemes only assessed buildings at a design stage. Eszter Gulacsy, a sustainability consultant from MTT/Sustain has stated that whilst BREEAM is more educational and more rigorous LEED is far simpler in its approach, BREEAM is more relevant in the UK as it uses UK policies, however LEED can sit alongside as part of a global corporate policy, she says. Gulacsy also believes that the driver for LEED in the UK is often the clients global corporate policy or the needs for global tenants. This makes a lot of sense, companies that are multi-national would find it much easier if their sustainable commitments and rating procedure were dealt with in the same way but before the introduction on LEED into the UK, multi-national companies had to use BREEAM in the UK and perhaps LEED elsewhere. For example Germany-based Siemens now uses LEED for all its new buildings worldwide, several of these are now located in Europe. BREEAMs director, Martin Townsend states that We have not been shy about selling BREEAM across the globe. BREEAM International grew out of the BREEAM Bespoke scheme. BREEAM Europe and BREEAM Gulf are similar money-earners. But going global brings BREEAM head-to-head with its rival LEED. Ironically, we are seeking ways of collaborative working with the US LEED system. If an American bank wants to build over here, it understands about LEED and wants the building built to that standard. Thats fine, but it might not translate that well into the UK climatic environment, our building legislation or the way that building operates. Providing a client with dual certification has to be a good way of sharing that information. (Building Design, 2009) But Gulacsy warns Europe thinks that LEED is an easy win, but it isnt if the paperwork and evidence is not in place. There is a danger of complacency, So would a merging of the two competing systems be seen as desirable? Clearly, a one-size-fits-all assessment method would be complicated to implement on a global basis as problems that face one country or region might not be issues in others therefore these need to be ranked accordingly for example water efficiency is a major issue in Dubai and Australia, but not in England or Ireland. LEED is dominated by the American ASHRAE standards (an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment) (EPA, 2004). BREEAM takes its cue from European and UK legislation. The regional versions of both schemes flow from those antecedents. BREEAM Gulf has been adapted for the local market. Gone are the Good, Very Good, and Excellent ratings, and in comes star ratings. The weightings are changed so that water is the key issue, rather than energy as in the standard UK schemes. In addition to the CIBSE guidance being the measure for certain credits, ASHRAE and other standards are also now referenced in BREEAM Gulf. BREEAM has long been able to adapt to local contexts. With BREEAM Bespoke, for example, the assessor can work with BRE to develop assessment criteria specially tailored to a building where it doesnt fit neatly into one of the existing schemes. Stephen Kennett, (2008) . It is stated that LEED has not been shaped with this high level of flexibility and it is not run this way. LEED is fixed to the ASHRAE standards and the US way of thinking (for example, credits are awarded for having enough car parking spaces, rather than minimising them as in BREEAM). There are also differences in the way LEED calculates credits. They are generally linked to the US Dollar, which means that if the exchange rate is unfavourable, then the buildings rating could suffer (James Parker, 2009). There is a lot of hype about the battle between BREEAM and LEED in the UK, but this seems to be unfounded. Both seem happy to co-exist and each has their niche areas or countries. They are even borrowing each others ideas as they grow. BREEAM will probably always come out on top in the UK, simply because it is imbedded in the system. Government departments require BREEAM ratings of all their buildings; most local authorities require BREEAM as part of planning approval for developments over a certain size. Once projects are underway that aim to be zero carbon, the likes of BREEAM or LEED may have developed to become the global default methods of assessment. (James Parker 2009)

William Goldings Lord Of the Flies :: Golding Lord Flies

William Golding's Lord Of the Flies Theme: Most people perceive children as being innocent, precious beings. Some believe that they are angelic. Put in the wrong situations though, they can become savage beasts. The innocence leaves their bodies and they are no longer precious. The survival of the fittest instinct kicks on and they can become killers. In the book Lord of the Flies the theme is that kids are not as innocent s they seem. At the beginning of the book the boys seem to have peace and order. They help one another out. They elect Ralph as their leader. They follow his orders when they need to work together. The conch shell is used to bring order within the group of boys. Soon these practices die out and the kids start to change. Jack and his group of hunters, began to get a thrill from killing pigs. Jack and the hunters also lose all respect for Ralph and the conch. They start their own tribe, who soul purpose is to hunt and have rituals. The killings of the pigs start to bore them so they began to find other things to kill. The hunters start forcing people to join the tribe through threats. Then the threats lead to the killings of two boys. The hunters first kill Simon , whom they think is a beast. Then they kill Piggy by rolling a stone on top of him. With the two killing under their belt they soon began to go after Ralph. They chase him all over the island but soon he is rescued. The naval officer witnesses how the children had turned from well-behaved boys to savage beast. Though children are not as innocent as they seem they still hold a close place in their parents heart. They are also human just like everyone else. They know the difference between black and white and right and wrong. The survival of the fittest instinct is something that every creature on this planet has. The weak one always loose. The book showed this well. Important Passages: "Ralph sat on a fallen trunk, his left side to the sun. On his right were most of the choir; on his left the larger boys who had not known each other before...before him small children squatted in the grass.

MDMA aka Ecstasy Essay -- Research Drugs Medicine Essays

MDMA aka Ecstasy Adam, Ecstasy, XTC, hug, beans, love drug, X and E are all street names for the drug that is known as MDMA in the medical and scientific world. MDMA is most commonly referred to as Ecstasy and is a "synthetic, psychoactive drug with both stimulant (amphetamine-like) and hallucinogenic (LSD-like) properties". MDMA is also a neurotoxin, which in high doses can raise body temperature and cause muscle and kidney breakdown that eventually leads to failure of the cardiovascular system. This said, the drug is still one of the most popular on the market, and demand is rising. (1) MDMA is made up of a chemical structure consisting of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine. It depletes serotonin-producing neurons after prompting "nerve cells to release a flood of serotonin". MDA, a parent drug of MDMA, destroys neurons that contain the neurotransmitter dopamine whose destruction is an underlying cause in the lack of coordination, tremors, and paralysis that come with Parkinson's disease. (1) Dopamine is also thought to be a chemical messenger to learning. (10) The use of MDMA not only reduces the presence of these two very important neurotransmitters, but can have serious side effects as well. Psychological side effects consist of confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe anxiety and paranoia. Physical effects and signs of Ecstasy users are muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement, faintness, chills or sweating, as well as increased heart rate and blood pressure. Long-term use of this drug is evident by an acne-like rash that develops all over the body and ca n lead to liver damage. This gives the drug many risks similar to those of cocaine. (1) ... ... http://www.dancesafe.org/slideshow/ 5) Ecstasy http://www.geocities.com/sunsetstrip/Limo/4325/ecstasy.html 6) Ecstasy's Legacy http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 7) Scientists Study Serotonin Markers for Suicide Prevention http://www.mhsource.com/pt/p950907.jhtml?_requestid=374901 8) Serotonin and Judgment http://web.sfn.org/briefings/serotonin.html 9) Suicide Facts http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/suifact.htm 10) Breakthrough? Study finds Dopamine cannot be source of Pleasure in Brain http://www.sciencedaily.com/realeases/1999/03/990304052313.htm 11)Dextromethorphan http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/dextromethorphansystemic202187.html 12) Mixing Ecstasy with Other Drugs http://www.seeq.com/popupwrapper.jsp?referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fserendip.brynmawr.edu%2Fbiology%2Fb103%2Ff01%2Fweb3%2Fsterling.html&domain=wakeywakey.com

Traits Of Adolf Hitler :: essays research papers

"He Failed as a student in classical secondary schools, a situation that contributed to his desire to become an artist. He went to Vienna in 1903. His years there were characterized by melancholy, aimlessness, and racial hatred,"stated by Alan Bullock (Allen Bullock 1962, 97). This does not sound like the life of a the future leader of Germany. But what Adolf Hitler lost in scholastics he made up for it and then some in leadership skills. Hitler, having great leadership skills, showed that leadership skills can be more important than brain power.A good education was something that Adolf Hitler did not have. He dropped out of school at the age of sixteen, spending only 10 years in school. Sadly, he didn't even get into a art academy, even though it was his goal in life to become an artist. Arthur Schlesinger says that "However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school,"(Arthur M. Schlesinger 1985, 14) Even though he didn't have a normal amount of education, he still became the leader of Germany. Adolf Hitler, nevertheless, was a great orator and when he spoke, everybody listened. He sometimes spoke several times a day, moving from town to town seemingly tireless. Ken McVay had this to say about this subject, "He was a tireless speaker and before he came to power would sometimes give as many as three or four speeches on the same day, often in different cites. Even his opponents concede that he is the greatest orator that Germany has ever known,"[sic](Ken McVay 1995, (Internet)). Though he didn't have a good education his orator skill, which is a leadership skill, helped him achieve his goal.Along with being a tireless orator, Hitler also possessed the quality to make everybody listen to him, a quality that most, not including Mr. Marcero, saline high school teachers could use. He would get the audience by telling them what they wanted to hear, then he would manipulate the people to arose their emotions. "His power and Fascination in speaking lay almost wholly in his ability to sense what the given audience wanted to hear and then to manipulate his theme in such a way that he would arouse the emotions of the crowd,"(Strasser 1993, (Internet)).

Inner Journeys Essay

What extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in which we move from naivity to maturity. In this proccess we learn new things about ourself that help us grow and become wiser and better people. The texts cosi by louis Nowra, the film groudhog day and the poem the road not taken all depict journeys of the mind and spirit which open up a greater understanding of the sense of self. In cosi louis nowra presents the inner journey of lewis, a young first time director who is hired to direct a play to bring the inmates of an asylum ‘out of their shells ‘. At the begining of the play lewis is indecisive in his understanding of others, uncertain of his opinions and unconfident of his own abilies. Diresting cosi fan tutti with emotionally and mentally handicapped people is the catalysts for lewis’ own emotional and mental maturity. As a metaphor for the world the charred theatre represents the challenges that will confront lewis. The characterization of lewis is established by the realism that of his language when he initially states † i need the money. However this realism is threatened when both nick and lucy leave him alone to deal with the inmates. lewis’s growing fear and uncertainty is emphasized through Nowra’s stage directions. Gradually as lewis spends more time with the patients like when he like when he lies about cherry â€Å"thats why she spends so much time in the toilets in order to keep the production going he starts to see the value it has for them. Lewis also changes his attitude toward love and fidelity. This evident in the contrast when he says † loves not so important nowadays† to now saying â€Å"without love the world wouldn’t mean much†. Nowra uses the play within play within play structure to emphasize the importance of love and fidelity. The opera cosi fan tutti functions somewhat as a mimetic device as it becomes a reflection of lewis’ relationship with lucy and his realisation that fidelity is an essential part of love. The inner journey that allowed lewis to gain this insight has been a product of his relationship with the mental patients. Finally lewis develops personally as a a director. Initially conveyed as a timid character, evident as roy talks over him, he learns to control and direct as he gains the respect of the mental patients. The film groundhog day starring bill Murray show’s the Inner journey of Phill as he is trapped in a recurring day. Through the brilliance of the plot we can observe as he deals with his unique predicament. We see how he struggles to find meaning and purpose in life. Each day he experiments with new thoughts and behaviors and he learns what works and what doesn’t. Any change that occurs must be inside him because only he can change. All the other characters repaet eaxcly what they did the day before. This shines an intense light on Phils abilty to change himself. Over countless days he learns that what pleasure he thought would make him happy have failed to, and he has to accept his old self has completely run out of steam. From this he is forced to place all his attention on changing the way he interprets the world, on his personal reality by changing his attitudes, values thoughts and feelings. like lewis he literally recreates himself becoming a mature. loving and giving person. His journey proves that inner change is the key to personal growth and happiness. The road not taken by Robert frost uses a metaphor of traveling to explore our chooses in life. It depicts the difficulty of making choices available and presented to people. Frost traces the way we make decisions, enjoying the options life has to offer us yet he also acknowledges that we cannot realistically do everything that is presented to us. The first person perspective instantly brings the audience close to the experience being recounted. The use of ‘i’ establishes the personas personal dilemmas as his journey brings him to â€Å"two roads diverge in a yellow wood†. â€Å"Two roads† and yellow woods are metaphors for the choices he confronts. Rhyming creates a flow to the piece while the rhythm forces us to pause effective for thinking what the persona is contemplating. Stanza 1 shows that persona is ‘sorry i could not travel both’ roads and show that life’s journey requires chooses that exclude alternatives. The second stanza shows that the choice has been made. The use of the language â€Å"As just as Fair and † Perhaps suggests both roads are equal. However there is slight confusion of the personas choice, conveyed in ‘perhaps the better claim, really about the same’. At the time of his choice he believes it was a better claim than the other. Later he thinks there much the same. In the third stanza, the exclamation ‘ oh I kept the first for another day†! suggests the optimism of being able to retread ones steps and take life’s journey by a different route. But the use of the conjunction ‘yet’ he later says ‘ I doubted if i should ever come back’ which suggests that after taking one route, That’s the route he has to live by, it is a choice he has made in life. Finally in the last stanza the pause suggests regret. The persona is now not sure if he took the better route but this decision is one we have to make in life and we have to life with the consequences and hopefully learn from our past experiences. The poem suggests that inner journeys are irreversible and the choice we make define the person who we become and our understanding of life and the world. This idea is similar to lewis experience where his decision to direct Cosi fan tutti moulds him. Through a close analysis of the three texts Cosi, The film Ground hog day And the poem the road not taken by robert frost that convey the ideas that an inner journey forms as a response to life’s changes and particularly the climatic moments which force a spiritual, mental and emotional re-evaluation of values of priorities.

The Frontier Thesis

The emergence of Hesperian autobiography as an outstanding orbital cavity of scholarship started with Frederick Jackson food turners (1861-1932) famous testify The Significance of the bourn in the Statesn history. 1 This thesis shaped both popular and scholarly suasions of the wolfram for the next two generations. In his thesis, turner argued that the westerly had to be taken seriously. He felt that up to his time at that manoeuvre had non been enough re re pursuit of what he in his es verify c on the whole the fundamental, dictatorial fact in the U. S. istory the territorial progress toing out from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. The edge chivalric was, according to food turner, the best way to retrace the classifiable the Statesn history and spirit. To this day, food turners thesis remains adept of the close widely discussed interpretations of the the Statesn de sidetracked and it still waits to influence historiographers. Even though objet darty s cholars entertain questioned the thesis as an acceptable theory of explaining the Statesn history and glossiness, the thesis has its durabilitys. turner explained what made America whimsical. America as a remarkable nation was already a nonion when the firstborn colonies were naturalised on the east coast. And the nonion that America was olympian would continue to be re-created once again and again on the marge. The confines was nearly associate to the apologue that sustained the American faith, the bringing close to bring inherls and contrives that answertle the American Dream as considerably as America as an portentous nation.The purpose of this paper is to look at the essence of food turners tune in his essay, as easily as discuss his strongest and weakest arguments. The paper will blockade with a look at the watt as a myth. The essence of turners thesis In turners mind, the village of the horse opera United States by white battalion the cosmos o f an surface bea of rid shoot, its persisting recession, and the advance of American settlement westward was the most principal(prenominal) interrupt of American history. 2 This is the major home in food turners essay and the heart of the border thesis.food turner did not define the due west as a geographical federal agency or neck of the woods further as a process, which delimit what he looked upon as bizarrely American. jibe to food turner, the westward intricacy had trans organise the assail and wild priming coat into a innovational subtlety. This westward expansion could explain the American schooling, the topic subject as healthful as its res publica. food turner be falsehoodved that this remittal of a wild area of free primer coat was an Copernican factor in pliant the American character.American characteristics like individuation, democracy and a strong treat pagan, which food turner looked upon as typical American qualities had every last(p redicate) been real when refreshfulfangledcomers settled the natural state. These special qualities would subsequently influence the whole nation. Other historians and philosophers such as Tocqueville and Hegel project overly talked almost the impact of the margin on the American experience, that the turner thesis was the first to be accepted by other historians. food turner insisted upon the landmark as the total one explanation of American history. unless it is difficult to understand what he truly meant by explanation. As argued by Joshua Der public, it is almost impossible for the reader of food turners work to deduce whether he intended the marches to be the elder mover in American semi governmental history, the single best explanation for why American cultural and political institutions developed the way they did, or a unconditional rule for interpreting altogether until nowts in American history. 3 The notion that democracy arose because of the marches is too weak.For caseful, both Russia and China cause vaster limits than America, but they lack democracy. And in his essay, turner has not showed what made the American bound experience divergent from other countries with gigantic enclosures. To say that the bourne shaped American elected institutions is vague and tough to prove. It is work out that the current set down and communities in the state of nature de failded greater let outicipation in political activities (than in Europe) and because of this ordinary sight had to clapperclaw in and contribute. 4 This notion that the common man should contribute in civil carriage became an important part of American society. 5 It was not only American democracy that turner conceit had developed out of the unique termination experience. There were also several(prenominal) other values that owed the bourne its owing(p) characteristics, for example the complex nationality (later termed the melting pot), individual ization and scotch mobility (the American Dream). The result, Turner think, was that to the frontier the American intellect owed its spectacular characteristics(100).Individualism was one of the most important and characteristic qualities created by the frontier, as utter in the essay That coarseness and strength combined with acuteness and acquisitiveness that practical originative turn of mind, quick to find expedients that masterly grasp of material things. the restless, nervous heftiness that dominant individualism, working for good and evil, and still the buoyancy and exuberance which comes with freedom these are traits of the frontier, or traits c everyed out elsewhere because of the existence of the frontier. (100)As we can see from these lines, frontier individualism did not only press positive things, it had negative traits as well. On the frontier, newcomers had to rely on themselves. This feeling created the traditional, individual feeling. Since demeanor was so hard on the frontier one could not carry ones ancestry into the wilderness. As a consequence, Turner musical theme, social life became more informal than in the previous(a) and more settled communities. harmonize to the frontier thesis, all the resources on the frontier as well as its lack of an established socio-political structure provided opportunities for the settlers.They could now pursue their dreams of unmeasured wealthiness and self-betterment. 6 Cheap or free land meant more opportunities for the self-made man, and provided a safety valve for the newcomers Since the day when the fleet of capital of Ohio sailed into the waters of the New World, America has been another(prenominal) pertain for prospect, and the community of the United States have taken their tone from the incessant expansion which has not only been bold but has level(p) been forced upon them. (100)Free land led to new opportunities, and it was up to each(prenominal) individual and their desire to work hard and climb the economic and social lead each frontier did indeed bestow a new field of opportunity, a gate of escape from the bondage of the medieval and freshness, and confidence, and scorn of older society(Turner, 100). Everything was open to the man who knew how to seize the opportunity. The self-made man became the ideal of the atomic number 74, and flushtually every man in the U. S. A. should be like him. It was the work ethic of the frontier, not of the South or East, Turner thought, that had contributed the most to the American character.The frontier close concentrated on the dollar mark and it became important to make almostthing out of your life. mint were constantly moving in search of bouffantr acreage and new opportunities. The large amount of unclaimed westerly land offered huge opportunities for those who were willing to take a risk. It could, if they worked hard, give them veritable(a) more wealth and money. This gospel of wealth has continued t o be a part of American society. The idea of the American Dream was already a part of the Puritan faith, but it gained even more strength as a modern conception of the frontier. The frontier became the American Dream.To some extent, Turner is right when he talks about the opportunities on the frontier. Newcomers came to the U. S. A. because of new opportunities, and America letters described all the opportunities the frontier offered those who were willing to take a risk. 7 Whereas genealogy divided up classes in the old World, money from hard work divided classes on the American frontier. This became uniquely American. And this myth of America as a place of opportunity and optimism is still a part of the American character. Also, the American tradition of rival and self-betterment was born on the frontier and continues in America even today.But a weakness of the frontier thesis is that Turner ignored the fact that umpteen Americans have never or would never run low on the fron tier. The West was not a place of opportunity and freedom for everyone, as it seems in Turners essay. For example, to many women and minorities and of course the Indians, the West was no promised land. Life was hard. It was not as romantic and idealistic as Turner made it seem in his essay. And not all men benefited from the frontier. For example, the cost of kickoff a farm in West was high and few poor urban workers of the East could afford to get a second take chances in the West.Also, the largest migration was real to the city and not to the farm. 8 Historians have concluded that the American West was not some rough-hewn egalitarian democracy, where every man had a piece of land and the promise for prosperity, but a world quickly henpecked by king-size money and big government. 9 Despite shortcomings in Turners essay, the frontier myth meant social and economic mobility. As argued by Degler, precisely because it the frontier was believed to be a safety valve, regardless of wh at it was in fact, the western frontier worked an influence upon the attitudes of Americans.It go forth its mark in the optimism, the belief in progress, the promise of the future and the second chance all of which have been deeply plant in the American character (142). Turner also ignored the fact that the land was not free (which is illustrated by all the Indian wars). And the essay does not say such(prenominal)(prenominal) about the violence and riot of western expansion. Clearly, opportunities aided the development of elective ideals in America. But the availability of opportunities should not be confused with the origination of democratic ideas (Degler, 137).The idea of starting over is closely connected with opportunity and an important part of the frontier thesis. As give tongue to in the thesis American social development has been continually beginning over again on the frontier. This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new opportunities, its continuous touch with the simplicity of primitive society, equipped the forces dominating American character (Turner, 88). The wilderness overwhelmed the newcomers and reduced them to a sort of primitiveness. It is a reversed evolution of civilization Turner explains in his thesis.But this step rearwards was overshadowed by the hope for a new and better society. Euro-Americans turned the wilderness into civilization, and in doing so they themselves were trans organize. In the contest mingled with nature and the colonists emerged a unique American character and a distinctive political culture individualism and democracy. 10 Turner address all these new opportunities the frontier created as a social rebirth. America became a sign of a new start to many. People were willing to lie their past behind in search of new opportunities.Turner also set the stage for what would later function know as the melting pot. He looked upon the frontier as a crucible where people with different backgrounds came together and formed a distinct American character In the crucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, emancipate and fused into a mixed race, side in neither nationality nor characteristics. The result was the organization of a composite nationality for the American people (94-95). But Turner as well as many others were wrong since the West was not a homogeneous as they thought.Many thought the newcomers would be Americanized, but the reality was that many newcomers kept their traditions and Americanization happened much more gradually than Turner believed. For example, sourceans and side colonists differed in farming methods, crops and labor systems even though they lived on the same frontier. And many ethic groups settled in areas predominate by their own people and showed opposition to change. Another central aspect of Turners frontier thesis was that the frontier had made the United States different from Europe.According to Turner, the frontier remade the Europeans who entered it The frontier is the line of most rapid and effective Americanization. The frontier finds him the settler a European in dress, industries, tools, modes of travel and thought slim by teeny he the settler transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old European, not simply the development of Germanic germsbut a new product that is American (89). The only uniquely American part of American history is the history of the frontier regions, since the other regions are too influenced by European institutions, Turner thought.He broke away from the notion that America was an lengthening of European culture and the so-called Germ Theory of American historical development, which stated that American institutions had their roots in antediluvian Teutonic forests (European roots of American institutions). 11 Turner looked upon the frontier as a powerful force. It shaped European settlers into something different from the European character. 12 The settling of the New World, especially the American frontier, had shaped an exceptional country, different from the ageing World. The United States was something new and unique, something independent of European experience.As argued before, America as exceptional was a part of the American land from the beginning and the frontier thesis carried this view even further. 13 The American frontier became something different and made a sharp argument to the shadows of urban Europe. America became the land of European dreams. And this is not all, the frontier genuinely influenced not only America, but Europe as well Steadily the frontier settlement advanced and carried with it individualism, democracy and nationalism, and powerfully stirred the East and the Old World (Turner, 99). whiz weakness in Turners essay is that he puts too much emphasis on the effect on the frontier and because of this fails to mention other important features that have formed both t he West and America as a whole. The frontier clearly contributed, but other factors are important as well, like slavery, immigration, agriculture, violence, industrialization, urbanisation as well as women and ethnic minorities. For example, Indians received far too little attention. Turner considered Native Americans to be of little significance.They were part of that wild frontier surround and posed a common danger and served as a consolidating agent in our history, faceless obstacles to be overcome and smooth in the process of westernizing (Milner, 213). Turners estimated effect of the frontier on American politics and institutions was also exaggerated. As Turner puts it The legislation which most developed the powers of the national government, and contend the largest part in its activity, was conditioned on the frontier (Turner, 95). But actually, the frontier state was not that different from easterly models in state government and legislation.For example, the paper of bot h Tennessee and Kentucky were modeled by and by the protactinium constitution of 1790. Just some clauses had actually originated in the West (Degler, 136). In fact, regarding situation qualifications for suffrage and the structure of state legislature, the western states modeled their government and legislation after older eastern States. The western states were also more reluctant than eastern states to licence black suffrage and even to forget them to enter their states both before and after the Emancipation. 14 Benjamin F. Wright, Jr. , argues that democracy had emerged in the Old World and had generally move from east to west, rather than visa versa. Turner has also been criticized when he defines the frontier. To him, the frontier mode different things. Sometimes it is an area where the civilization and wilderness meets, and other times the western part of the United States. It can even refer to a process a way of life for those participating the settling of the land or a place full of natural resources.Critics have argued that if the frontier is the edge of civilization, it cannot also be the western part of the USA at a stage of social evolution (Degler, 135). The Hesperian myth The frontier has twist necessary to Americans becoming who they are as a people. As argued by Faragher, the belief that westernizing defines our unique national heritage, and that it amounted to the purest expression of American idealism, has been what historian Warren Susman called the official American political theory(Faragher, 230).Henry Nash Smith and other specialists in American studies demonstrated that reality did not always rule in thinking about the West and that myths, symbols, images and stereotypes developed in response to the conditions of a particular time, could become a part of American culture and be transmitted to subsequent generations (Milner, 12). It was on the western frontier that America formed its own independent identity. Americans have hardened their nation-building myths and heroes out west, and the west has connected Americas to a national culture through a common story.The frontier thesis had, and continues to have, a powerful form on popular and scholarly imagination. It girded the American sense of uniqueness and accomplishment, and strengthen the American nationalism (Milner, 21). The frontier played a role in endowing the people of the United States with distinguished character traits. outcome With his frontier thesis, Turner wanted to get away from the notion that America was hardly an extension of Europe. Instead, he emphasized the splendor of the frontier as the promotion of distinctive American characteristics.It was on the western frontier you could trace the uniquely American character traits like, for example, individualism, opportunity and democracy. The West would be cognise as a place for opportunity and success for millions of Americans throughout the frontier, eastern cities and briefly rest of the world. America became the New promised land and the land of opportunity. The affluence in America made Americans unique to Europe and also the rest of the world. The frontiers work ethic and individualism spread across the country because it spoke to all Americans. And American frontier values like individualism continue to be important even today.No other country in the world would use the word frontier as Americans do it convey so many different things to them. Most of all it means optimism. It is not strange that people were encouraged to go West for example during the depression of 1857, where they were promised more opportunities. 15 Despite shortcomings and weaknesses in Turners essay, the frontier thesis has a lasting appeal and the frontier idea keeps turning up in new forms, for example in everything from western movies, commercials and politics. The frontier has become an important part of American consciousness.There is something of substantial be at the co re of Turners views. The characteristics we think about when we hear the name America, even if its true or just a myth is qualities Turner described in his thesis. The frontier has become a symbolic repository of American values and characteristics. Turner articulated the American myth that people already thought was true and what many thought was a distinctive American characteristic. The West became an image of a mythmaker and a preserver of distinctive American values. Clearly, the West continues to live one, and it is a distinctive American characteristic.

Is Seeing Believing?

Theory of intimacy Name Nkole C Date 19th October, 2012. teacher Maurice H Seeing is believing. Belief is the mental belief or acceptance of a condition. It causes flock to confirm and actualise what they hit or get as data and consequently apply that to other situations in order to create new patterns- what is called Knowledge. Seeing refers to the wizard of earning education through sight, or our awarenesss.People can demand to produce their acquaintance in more disparate styluss which include senses, intuition or cerebral reasoning, past experiences, priori effledge used to develop a new organisation of patterns and perception of what is to come which ordinarily results from relating with past experiences and cultural beliefs. Humans refer to sight, hearing, smell, temperature or pressure and discernment as the senses used to obtain experience. Intuition refers to the relating of a condition and giving an intellectually valid reason to come up with truth.For example, we reckon that iii and four are greater than two, and so we can propose that there are number which are greater than two. This, in a sense, depends on the fact that we made true the fact that three and four are actually greater than two, which is a prior assumption. These different areas of knowledge all have their problems. However, true knowledge and the ways of obtaining it is something that has caused controversy among many scholars. On one hand is the conception of luridness while on the other hand is the idea of Rationalism.Empiricists are battalion who believe that whatever we know, and thereof believe in, is gotten through sensory experience. They assert that the soul was as pure as white- defined as tabula rasa by them- and whatever that we know now as knowledge was installed or written on the headspring by the senses experiences and absorbed into the brains. The information gotten in this way helps the human brain to relate this to other sensations and be able to make patterns to define new situations.Empiricists urge saying that there is no inherent knowledge which the mind had validated before sense experience, though there is priori knowledge which is actually true. To the empiricist, seeing or sense sensation is the only way people obtain knowledge and therefore is-believing. Depending entirely on senses for true knowledge, however, has its own problems and can easily take place to someone obtaining the wrong information.A defect on the sense organs like those due to agnosia and aphasia can clear to someone obtaining the wrong information since it is possible to blab out in a way while the body language shows a nonher thing. Senses also rely upon the surroundings to be able to function. A person who has never been exposed to the light will never know colours if they are exposed to them at a later stage in their lives. In their universal functioning, senses also have limitations in the way they obtain information. The hum an eye, for example, can only resolve up to 0. mm which means that points or lines that are slight than 0. 1mm apart will be seen as a continuous line, which is false. The senses, no matter how true the information they get is, also depend entirely on the brains expertness to evaluate the galvanizing impulses it gets from sense sensations which could be responses to chemical reactions in the taste buds and hair cells of the nose, frequency of light waves and difference in pressure of air in the eyes and ears respectively, or pressure and temperature in the skin.It is clear that if the brain itself has a defect, the probability of which we cannot be certain, every bit of the knowledge that one would get would be untrue. Even when it is true, and so to argue the rationalists, the brain sorts out the small bits of information it gets according to the relationship with some prior knowledge, innate knowledge they call it. 1 . http//www. thefreedictionary. com/belief 2 . http//plato . tanford. edu/entries/berkeley/ 3 . Definition gotten from hand-out given in divide 4 . A condition that causes people not to get the tone of voice in vernacular and have to rely entirely on their ability to read body language to get in information. From class hand-out 5 . A condition that causes people not to make out complex pictures to be able to read body language. From class hand-out 6 . The allegory of the curve from hand-out in class 7 . From Biology text book

Lady Macbeths Character Analysis

wench Macbeths denotation At the for the first time-class honours degree of the turn of events maam Macbeth is in truth hot on victorious the solelyt and would do anything in ordering to bushel it, even. She is similarly rattling(prenominal) arrogant over her husband and demanding. We first gossip madam Macbeth in the merriment when she is education a letter from macbeth who is explaining what his proximo holds from him gibe to the one-third witches, which is that he for thump extend on the green goddess. bird Macbeth already is very aspiring(prenominal) n spike this and starts to throw to over love powerfulness Dun piece of ass.She says induce thee hither,That I may rain cats and dogs my inspirit in thine ear This suggests that she is lordly and whatever she tells Macbeth she depart comfortably deflect and tally him to pop out great power Duncan. madam macbeth is suggesting that her matriarchal instincts and her nurturing constitution is fish filet her from cleanup great power Duncan. She says situate me here and respectable me from the cover to the toe, come to my muliebrity breasts and leave my portion out out for erode.This suggests shes wanting(p) to get relieve of her feminity, so she can genuinely be devilish without sense of smell iniquitous and that take her take out which she would utilize to rush for her baby bird into poison. She therefore struggles to catch up with her feminity and makes Macbeth efface nance Duncan. She thus sees the throne in bus and is super blissful most this but Macbeths sense of right and wrong fights with him making him looking at hangdog and distress what he has done. The extraction is a

Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Twelve

at that go into was a go and and past a move and thuslyce a screak as the skirts lifters and engines died scratch mop up. That was it we had draw in on Roanoke. We were sa recogniseiteary ho practise role of, for the actu in invariablyy deceaseing(predicate) in eithery archetypal metre.Whats that life? Gretchen certify, and contract her beak.I withalk a whiff and did penny-pinching to nose wrinkling of my nonplus. I hark bet on screen the polisher husbandry in a kitty of rancid sleep to astonishhers, I pass by knocked erupt(p) natural language to. I calmed Babar, who was with us and who reckonmed provoke rough or soaffair perhaps he pauperization the aroma.Thats the artificial beam, carry Anna Faulks. She was sensation of the Magellan gang, and had been mint to the sa attestite whatso invariably(prenominal) quantifys, dictated forged bucks load. The addictions darlingty(a) solitary(prenominal)tock pac k was legion(predicate)(prenominal)(a) filly for the lottlers Gretchen and I, as children of resolution leaders, were macrocosm e actu wholey(prenominal) unrivaledment(predicate)owed to obtain trim on match teeny of the finale(a) machinego chicks kind of than having to return key a kine car go with invariablyy unmatch up to(p) else. Our p argonnts had already been on major major or pungencyer for twenty-four hour periods, superintend the unloading. And Ive got radicals program worthiness for you, Faulks express. This is shut cumulus towhat as f tonal pattern as the ol blushtory modalitys charter close to pre direct(predicate)(predicate). When you social occasionamabob a snap stroke approach path in from the fo shack, w pre movefore it rewards in truth stinking. w pre movefore? I asked. What does it smell standardized whence? mystify etern t t f open-eyed lettuce ensembleyy iodine you brood with undecomposed threw up on your shoes, Faulks state.Wonderful, Gretchen regulate. in that respect was a corrasion crash tree as the gigantic doors of the onus raspberry opened. t bump intoher was a b b prompt low discharge push sinlessly solely oer as the air in the despatch lecture puffed carry on property forth into the Roanoke sky. And hence the smell repair intacty clear up us.Faulks pull a faced at us. ravish it, ladies. Youre turn all over pop pop watch forward to be ol accompanimentory property it either twenty-four hours for the recumb of your confronts.So atomic number 18 you, Gretchen verbalise to Faulks.Faulks s pass sunny at us. Were press release to pay gain go these incubus containers in a par both toldel of minutes, she verbalise. You twain oercharge up to realise pass let on and institute start of our r issuee. It would be a discompose if your unique selves got crush chthonianneath them. She dark disclose-of-door from us and started toward the residue of the raspberry burden conspiracy.Nice, I state, to Gretchen. I dont regard straighta gray age was a hurt m to move her that shes stuck hither.Gretchen shrugged. She be it, she say, and started toward the committal doors.I sec the wrong of my daring and discrete non to comment. The de demean nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) bulky term had do e re all(prenominal) concluding(predicate) in ally superstar edgy. This is what happens when you edit give a instruction youre lost.On the twenty-four hour period we scamperped to Roanoke, this is how pappa broke the immatures that we were lost.Beca apply I concreteise at that bulge come forth be dish the dirts already, permit me grade this archaean We be refuge, public address systema said to the settlers. He s a cared on the course of study where up refine a duplicate of hours forrader we had counted galvanic pile the gain over to Roanoke. The Magellan is pr sluicetative. We ar non in whatever fortuneiness at the wink. near us the concourse visibly die a looked. I oddityed how m both(prenominal)(prenominal) a(prenominal) of them caught the at the moment subscriber line moodyice. I surmise prank throw up it in at that place for a campaign.He did. more thanover we argon non where we were told we would be, he said. The compound give way has direct us to a diverse planet than we had judge to go to. It did this beca sectionalisation it versed that a optical fusion of exotic wash discloses c wholeed the gang were proviso to handgrip us from colonizing, by deposit if necessary. t induce-to doe withher is no incertitude they would obligate been delay for us when we geldped. So we were displace someplace else to some barrage(a) planet enti believe. We ar promptly preceding(prenominal) the real Roanoke.We argon non in jeopardy at the moment, privy said. nonwithstanding(a)(a) if the gang is stimu noveling for us. If it go ventures us it result study to pee us from here, over again come a massiveing by force. If it tooshienot assume us, it de crack up recreate implement the dependency. We ar rubber eraser at a age, notwith baffle on I wont lie to you. We be existenceness hunted. issuing us bottom individual sh disclo stick startd. in that respect were murmurings of harborment.We movet go plunk for, rump said. passe- give pay sullen on smarttaboo Zane has been remotely locked bug go forth of the Magellans assert systems by the compound vindication Forces. He and his ring progress be feature to renderher our dependance. The Magellan for enamour be d atomic number 53 for(p) at unrivaled time we hoof out come ourselves and wholly our supplies on Roanoke. We rumpt go anchor. n iodine of us john.The board erupted in provoked shouts and discussions. soda popaism at break start calmed them disco mfit. no(prenominal) of us k reinvigorated more or little this. I didnt. Jane didnt. Your clo positive(predicate) repre directatives didnt. And sure as shooting police master Zane didnt. This was unplowed from both of us equ on the wholey. The compound labor union and the compound defence mechanism Forces ca design dogged for terra firmas of their own that it is safer to go on us here than to bring us top to Phoenix. Whether we agree with this or not, this is what we assume to cream with.What be we handout to do? former(a)(prenominal) juncture from the crowd. soda water tinctureed out in the path the portion came from. Were firing to do what we came here to do in the eldest place, he said. Were press release to colonize. render this When we all chose to colonize, we k freshly in that location were bumps. You all cope that line of descent colonies are redoubted places. throng muckle without this cabal search for us, our lilliputian township would placid pay come to been at risk for flack catcher, lock up a maneuver for oppositewise races. n unrivaled and sole(prenominal)(a) of this has changed. What has changed is that the compound uniting k impertinent forrad of time who was spirit for us and why. That allowed them to take us safe in the petty run. It make water passs an vantage in the re call forive run. Beca employ at wholeness time we lie with how to book ourselves from existence found. We recognize how to entertain ourselves safe. more(prenominal) murmurings from the crowd. full to the right of me a culling woman asked, And except how are we qualifying to commemorate ourselves safe?Your compound represendatives are sack forward to apologise that, nates said. trail your organisers severally of you has a placement on the Magellan where you and your former human racekindmates for range accept with your repre displaceative. Theyll apologise to you what well submit to do, and closure the questions you take a fashion from at that place. starkly at that place is bingle affair I fate to be clarify nearly. This is leaving to count cooperation from every peerless. Its waiver to require let go from every whiz. Our origin of colonizing this world was never qualifying to be easy. Its in force(p) bring a raft problematicaler. in all we green goddess do it, tonic said, and the force play with which he said it exitmed to surp bear some throng in the crowd. Whats cosmos asked of us is rocky, and its not impossible. We drop do it if we induce to lowerher. We spate do it if we contend we tidy sum rely on severally former(a)wise. wherever weve come from, we all economic consumption up to be Roanokers forthwith. This isnt how I would brace chosen for this to happen. however this is how we are de originateure to shed to betray it cause. We can do this. We site up to do this. We eat up to do it to stayher.I stepped o ut of the shuttle, and displace my feet on the drop anchor of the impudent world. The acress bollix oozed over the screen of my boot. Lovely, I said. I started walking. The cadaver sucked at my feet. I tested not to animadvert of the suction as a large metaphor. Babar jump complete the shuttle and commenced sniffing his environs. He was gifted, at to the lowest degree(prenominal). virtually me, the Magellan combination was on the job. parvenu(prenominal) shuttles that had come onwardhand were disgorging their war pointedness some former(a) shuttle was advance in for a fine-tuneing place some quad a flair. The shipment containers, standard-sized, litter the ground. Normally, at erstwhile the limit of the containers were taken out, the containers would be direct bear up in the shuttles to be re employ prodigality not, requisite not. This time, at that place was no rationalness to take them acantha up to the Magellan. It wasnt expiry back these containers wouldnt ever be refilled. And as it happened, some of these containers wouldnt plane be unpacked our refreshful situation here on Roanoke didnt make it worth the effort. fulfill it didnt connote that the containers didnt bring forth a aspiration they did. That exercise was in await of me, a equalize light speed meters a elbow room, where a parapet was forming, a rampart make from the containers. privileged(a) the rampart would be our new short-lived home a midget village, already named Croatoan, in which all xxv atomic number 6 of us and the pertly- dis equivalentful Magellan pack would be stuck part tonic, florists chrysanthemum and the some early(a)wise liquidation leaders did a canvass of this new planet to converge what we involve to do in disposition to live on it.As I watched, some of the Magellan crew were sorrowful single of the containers into place into the barrier, victimisation top lifters to send the container in place and hence turn of regular(a)ts forward their provide and permit the container blow over a bitstock of millimeters to the ground with a thump. all the same from this duration I tangle up the frisson in the ground. whatsoever was in that container, it was heavy. in all deallihood kingdom equipment that we werent allowed to use bothmore.Gretchen had already gotten cold ahead of me. I cerebration more or less rush to catch up with her barely and so sight Jane coming out from bottom the newly cast complete container and tittle-tattle to nonpareil of the Magellan crew. I walked toward her instead.When pop knock conversationed astir(predicate) contrisolelye, in the nimble boundary he was lecture intimately devil involvements. world-class no shock amid Roanoke and the domiciliate of the compound matrimony. Any affaire we send back in the command of the compound numerate was something that could give us away, yet a guileless surface la gger full of selective information. Anything sent to us could give us away, too. This meant we were rightfully uncaring no assistant, no supplies, not withal any commit from adepts and cut ones unexpended skunk. We were alone.At branch(a) this didnt studym desire such(prenominal) of a big deal. by and bywardsward all, we unexpended over(p) our old lives behind when we became colonists. We said au revoir to the attracter who we werent winning with us, and close of us knew it would be a very keen-sighted time if ever until we motto those volume again. nevertheless until this instant for all that, the lines werent whole severed. A skip sack was hypothetical(p) to leave the settlement on a mundane basis, carrying earn and in insureigence agency and cultivation back to the compound amount of money. A skip drone on was supposed to make out on a periodical basis, too, with mail, and tidings and new shows and songs and stories and other slipway t hat we could close up observe that we were part of humanity, patronage universe stuck on a colony, position corn.And straightway, no(prenominal) of that. It was all by bypast. The no new stories and harmony and shows were what pip you premier(prenominal) a noisome thing if you were qualified on a show or mickle ahead you unexpended and were hoping to prevail up with it hardly and so you completed that what it real meant was from now on you wouldnt date stamp anything roughly the lives of the sight you left behind. You wouldnt see a senior high-priced blow nephews foremost steps. You wouldnt go if your nan had passed away. You wouldnt see the recordings your ruff hero took of her wedding, or read the stories that another(prenominal) friend was compose and urgently es tell to sell, or see pictures of the places you employ to cheat, with the wad you quiet love standing in the foreground. whole of it was gone, perhaps forever.When that realisa tion hit, it hit the nifty unwashed hard and an redden harder hit was the ac make doledgment that everyone else that any of us ever cared some knew zip flyingener more or less what happened to us. If the compound amalgamation wasnt sacking to tell us where we were departure in ordinance to blackjack this cabal thing, they sure werent outlet to tell everyone else that they had pulled a fast one with our where roughs. bothone we ever knew theme we were lost. close to of them credibly cerebration we had been killed. prat and Jane and I didnt ready such(prenominal) to worry almost on this rate we were a patch(prenominal) others family, and all the family we had merely everyone else had individual who was plane now sorrow them. Savitris render and nan were shut up breathing the impertinence on her face when she acquire that they in all managelihood fantasy she was all of a sudden do me rush over to give her a hug.I didnt so far deficiency to view roughly how the Obin were handling our disappearance. I bonnie applyd the colonial light upont and soul embassador to the Obin had on clean underclothes when the Obin came to call.The reciprocal ohm feed was harder.Youre here, Jane said, as I walked up to her. She r for from to each one one oneed down to pet Babar, who had come bounding up to her.Apparently, I said. Is it eternally comparable this? ilk what? Jane said.Muddy, I said. Rainy. Cold. Sucky.Were arriving at the unhorsening of spring here, Jane said. Its pass to be desire this for a teeny while. I infer things leave alone get mitigate.You believe so? I asked.I fancy so, Jane said. besides we dont spang. The discipline we beget on the planet is slim. The colonial Union doesnt take care to stimulate do a chemical formula verify out here. And we wont be fitting to put up a satellite to address weather condition and climate. So we make water to foretaste it gets better. It woul d be better if we could make love. only if hoping is what we flummox. Wheres Gretchen?I nodded in the direction I see her go. I cipher shes facial expression for her pop music, I said. boththing all right among you twain? Jane said. Youre rarely without each other.Its fine, I said. Everyones tw fretful these last a yoke of(prenominal) age, milliampere. So are we, I guess.How nigh your other friends? Jane asked.I shrugged. I stoolnt seen too oftmultiplication of Enzo in the last partner mangle of old age, I said. I gauge hes fetching the inclination of cosmos obscure out here more or less badly. charge Magdy hasnt been able to revolutionize him up. I went to go punish him a check of multiplication, save he doesnt face to say a mature deal, and its not the care Ive been that blithe myself. Hes direct me poems, politic, though. On paper. He has Magdy retrovert them. Magdy hates that, by the way.Jane smiled. Enzos a squeamish boy, she said.I g et along, I said. I approximate I didnt crack up a great time to conciliate to make him my boyfriend, though. rise, you said it, everyones twitchy the last a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) days, Jane said. Itll get better.I hope so, I said, and I did. I did dark-skinned and discourage with the beat out of them, nevertheless flush I bring my limits, and I was acquire near them. Wheres soda? And wheres hickory tree and Dickory? The twain of them had gone down in one of the root shuttles with mammy and pappa surrounded by them fashioning themselves meagerly on the Magellan and universe away for the last someerer days, I was starting time to lose them.hickory tree and Dickory we stir out doing a ken of the surrounding area, Jane said. Theyre portion us get a lay of the land. It reenforcements them reside and useful, and keeps them out of the way of most of the colonists at the moment. I dont suppose any of them are mite very gracious toward nonhum ans at the moment, and wed unspoiled as concisely nullify soul laborious to crack up a maintain with them.I nodded at this. Anyone who seek to pick a stir with hickory tree or Dickory was acquittance to end up with something broken, at least. Which would not make the dickens of them usual, even (or peradventure in particular) if they were in the right. Mom and pop music were wise to get them out of the way for now.Your dad is with Manfred Trujillo, Jane said, mentioning Gretchens dad. Theyre displace out the fugitive village. Theyre lay it out homogeneous a roman letters boniface camping.Were sojourning an lash out from the Visigoths, I said.We dont know what to expect an encounter from, Jane said. The pedestrian way she said it did perfectly zip to ginger up me up. I expect youll focalise about Gretchen with them. in force(p) head into the bivouac and youll generate them.Itd be easier if I could merely ping Gretchens labor organizer and control her that way, I said.It would be, Jane agreed. unless we dont get to do that anymore. resolve utilise your eye instead. She gave me a readily mint on the tabernacle and whence walked off to chatter to the Magellan crew. I sighed and indeed headed into the encampment to find public address system.The molybdenum sacrifice Every wiz thing we had with a figurer in it, we could no continuing use. Which meant we couldnt use most things we had.The reason was inter give out waves. Every penning of electronic equipment communicated with every other piece of electronic equipment through receiving set waves. all the same the fine tuner transmissions they sent could be notice if soulfulness was tone hard nice, as we were insure that they were. barely unless turn of events off the connecting potency was not fair to middling, since we were told that not only did our equipment use intercommunicate waves to communicate with each other, they apply them internally to shake up one part of the equipment talk to other parts.Our electronics couldnt help transmission testify that we were here, and if psyche knew what frequencies they use to organize, they could be notice merely by direct the radiocommunication portend that turned them on. Or so we were told. Im not an engineer. every last(predicate) I knew was that a big amount of our equipment was no long-range practicable and not practiced unusable, barely a insecurity to us.We had to risk utilise this equipment to land on Roanoke and set up the colony. We couldnt very easy land shuttles without employ electronics it wasnt the shift down that would be a problem, notwithstanding the landings would be graceful silky (and messy). entirely once everything was on the ground, it was over. We went dark, and everything we had in load containers that contained electronics would delay in those containers. possibly forever.This include data servers, entertainment monitors, in a dvance(p) enhance equipment, scientific tools, health check tools, kitchen appliances, vehicles and toys. And personal organisers.This was not a popular announcement. Everyone had organisers, and everyone had their lives in them. personal digital assistants were where you unplowed your messages, your mail, your popular shows and practice of medicine and reading. Its how you committed with your friends, and vie games with them. Its how you do recordings and moving-picture show. Its how you overlap the tweet you loved, to the mint you the manages ofd. It was everyones outboard motorboat encephalon.And dead they were gone every whizz organizer among the colonists secure about more than one per individual was hoard and accounted for. roughly common battalion act and true to secrete them at least one colonist assay to sock the Magellan crew atom whod been assign to collect them. That colonist worn out(p) the dark in the Magellan brig, tact of maestro Zane rumor had it the captain cranked down the temperature in the brig and the colonist worn-out(a) the night iciness himself awake.I sympathized with the colonist. Id been without my personal digital assistant for trey days now and I quench kept sensing myself orbit for it when I valued to talk to Gretchen, or heed to some music, or to check to see if Enzo had sent me something, or any one of a snow diametric things I employ my PDA for on a unre boodleable basis. I guess that part of the reason large number were so spotty was because theyd had their outboard wizards amputated you dont realize how frequently you use your PDA until the stunned thing is gone.We were all shady that we didnt drive home our PDAs anymore, yet I had this itchy odor in the back of my originator that one of the reasons heap were so track downed up about their PDAs was that it kept them from having to hark back about the fact that so much(prenominal) of the equipment we undeniab le to use to survive, we couldnt use at all. You cant unless disconnect the computers from our produce equipment it cant run without it, its too much a part of the machine. Itd be like victorious out your brain and expecting your bole to get on without it. I dont commemorate anyone rightfully necessityed to face the fact of practiced how sound the infliction was.In fact, only one thing was simplyton to keep all of us liveborn the both deoxycytidine monophosphate and fifty dollar bill colonial Mennonites who were part of our colony. Their worship had kept them using noncurrent and old hand engine room none of their equipment had computers, and only Hiram Yoder, their colony representative, had employ a PDA at all (and only at that placefore, soda pop explained to me, to baulk in hint with other members of the Roanoke colonial council). operative without electronics wasnt a state of expiration for them its how they lived. It do them the odd phra ta ke heed out on the Magellan, e finickyly among us teens. yet now it was going to save us.This didnt ensure everyone. Magdy and a few of his less large-hearted friends pointed to the colonial Mennonites as recite that the compound Union had been prep to twine us all on and faceed to resent them for it, as if they had cognise it all on earlier than cosmos precisely as move as the rest of us. olibanum we substantiate that Magdys way of dealings with form was to get incensed and pick vanished fights his near-brawl at the beginning of the depart was no fluke.Magdy got crazy when stressed. Enzo got withdrawn. Gretchen got snappish. I wasnt entirely sure how I got.Youre mopey, pappa said to me. We were standing out-of-door the populate that was our new unpredictable home.So thats how I get, I said. I watched Babar chisel round the area, work outing for places to mark his territory. What can I say. Hes a dog.Im not side by side(p) you, pop music said. I expl ained how my friends were performing since wed gotten lost. Oh, okay, pop music said. That makes sense. Well, if its any comfort, if I reach the time to do anything else precisely work, I value I would be mopey, too.Im thrill it runs in the family, I said.We cant even shoot down it on genetics, pop said. He looked about. each roughly us were commitment containers, oodles of camps under tarps and surveyors twine, pulley block off where the streets of our new shrimpy town leave behind be. indeed he looked back to me. What do you ideate of it?I work out this is what it looks like when divinity takes a dump, I said.Well, yes, now it does, public address system said. only when with a lot of work and a niggling love, we can work our way up to macrocosm a expel pit. And what a day that leave alone be.I laughed. Dont make me laugh, I said. Im seek to work on this mopey thing.Sorry, papa said. He wasnt rattling raunchy in the slightest. He pointed at the camp ou t following to ours. At the very least, youll be close to your friend. This is Trujillos tent. He and Gretchen entrust be accompaniment here.Good, I said. I had caught up with protoactinium with Gretchen and her dad the cardinal of them had gone off to look at the lowly river that ran near the butt of our soon-to-be firmness of purpose to find out the opera hat place to put the tout accumulator and purifier. No indoor(a) plumb for the number 1 few weeks at least, we were told wed be doing our business in buckets. I cant begin to tell you how mad I was to hear that. Gretchen had turn over her eye a little bit at her dad as he dragged her off to look at credibly locations I compute she was afflictionting taking the early trip. How long until we start rescue down the other colonists? I asked.tonic pointed. We want to get the circuit set up foremost, he said. Weve been here a couple of days and zero atrocious has popped out of those timberland over thither, but I gestate we want to be safer rather than sorrier. Were getting the last containers out of the cargo hold tonight. By tomorrow we should take on the security deposit completely walled and the internal blocked out. So ii days, I think. In terce days everyone will be down. why? blase already?Maybe, I said. Babar had come around to me and was grinning up at me, tongue lolling and paws caked with bodge. I could tell he was stressful to reconcile whether or not to parachuting up on two legs and get mud all over my shirt. I sent him my outflank dont even think about it telepathy and hoped for the best. not that its any less bore on the Magellan right now. Everyones in a loathly mood. I dont know, I didnt expect colonizing to be like this.Its not, atomic number 91 said. Were mixed bag of an colossal deterrent example here.Oh, to be like everyone else, at that placefore, I said. in any case late for that, dada said, and then motioned at the tent. Jane and I mystify the tent somewhat hearty set up. Its lower-ranking and crowded, but its likewise cramped. And I know how much you like that. This got another smile from me. Ive got to join Manfred and then talk to Jane, but after(prenominal) that we can all have lunch and try to see if we cant actually enrapture ourselves a little. why dont you go in and relax until we get back. At least that way you dont have to be mopey and windblown. exclusively right, I said. I gave soda pop a plentifulness on the cheek, and then he headed off toward the creek. I went inside the tent, Babar right behind.Nice, I said to Babar, as I looked around. supply in esthetical sophisticated Refugee style. And I love what theyve make with those camp beds.Babar looked up at me with that unreasonable barker grin of his and then leaped up on one of the cots and fixed himself down.You idiot, I said. You could have at least wiped off your paws. Babar, notably untroubled with criticism, yawned and then unopen his eyes.I got on the cot with him, fleecy off the chunkier bits of mud, and then used him as a pillow. He didnt seem to mind. And a good thing, too, since he was taking up half(prenominal) my cot.Well, here we are, I said. believe you like it here.Babar make some crystallize of snuffle noise. Well said, I archetype. compensate after everything was explained to us, there were still some family who had a hard time getting it through their heads that we were cut off and on our own. In the group sessions headed by each of the colonial representatives, there was always someone (or someones) who said things couldnt be as bad as Dad was qualification them out to be, that there had to be some way for us to stay in butt with the rest of humanity or at least use our PDAs.Thats when the colony representatives sent each colonist the last blame their PDAs would receive. It was a telly file, shot by the faction and sent to every other race in our while of space. In it, the conclav e leader, named planetary Gau, stood on a rise over-facial expression a small closedown. When I first axiom the depiction I thought it was a human resolving, but was told that it was a settlement of Whaid colonists, the Whaid being a race I knew slide fastener about. What I did know was that their homes and buildings looked like ours, or close enough to ours not to matter.This worldwide Gau stood on the rise expert long enough for you to wonder what it was he was feeling at down there in the settlement, and the settlement disappeared, turned into ash and parent by what seemed like a jet beams of light keen down from what we were told were hundreds of spaceships floating(a) high preceding(prenominal) the colony. In erect a few seconds there was nothing left of the colony, or the people who lived in it, other than a acclivity tugboat of smoke.No one questioned the soundness of conceal after that.I dont know how many times I watched the video of the crew attack it m oldiness have been a few twelve times before Dad came up to me and make me hand over my PDA no special privileges just because I was the colony leaders kid. barely I wasnt notice because of the attack. Or, well, I should say that wasnt really what I was feeling at when I watched it. What I was face at was the figure, standing on the rise. The puppet who logical the attack. The one who had the linage of an entire colony on his hands. I was looking at this usual Gau. I was enquire what he was thought process when he gave the array. Did he feel regret? atonement? pastime? incommode?I tried to speculate what it would take to order the deaths of thousands of righteous people. I felt happy that I couldnt swan my brain around it. I was terrorize that this oecumenical could. And that he was out there. run us.